Analysis on multi-dimensional surveillance data of HIV infection status and characteristics of newly diagnosed cases among sexually transmitted disease clinic clients in Yunnan Province

SONG Lijun; FU Liru; ZHANG Zuyang; XIAO Minyang; LI Xuehua; NIU Jin; HU Yi; SU Xingfang; SHI Yuhua

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-3806.2025.04.03

Abstract：Objective To understand the infection status,distribution characteristics and influencing factors of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)in sexually transmitted disease(STD)clinic clients in Yunnan Province,and to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of newly diagnosed cases of HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS)in the STD clinic.Methods A combination of active and passive monitoring methods was adopted to collect the data of the STD clinic clients in Yunnan Province such as basic demographic information,their acceptance of HIV testing and the situation of positive findings,the influencing factors related to HIV infection,and the characteristics of newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS cases from multiple dimensions.The HIV infection status and distribution characteristics of the STD clinic clients were comprehensively analyzed.Results In 2023,a total of 63 287 STD clinic clients were detected in Yunnan Province.Among them,885 cases were positive for HIV screening,with a positive screening rate of 1.40％,and 829 cases were confirmed as HIV positive,with a confirmed positive rate of 1.31％.The positive rates of HIV screening and confirmatory test in the male STD clinic clients were significantly higher than those in the female STD clinic clients(P＜0.05),and the positive rates of HIV screening and confirmatory test in the STD clinic clients from the border areas were significantly higher than those from the non-border areas(P＜0.05).The distribution of the positive rates of confirmed HIV showed a positive spatial autocorrelation,and Moran's I was 0.077(Z=1.883,P=0.035).In 2023,111 new cases of HIV/AIDS were reported in the STD clinic.The male-to-female ratio was 3.63∶1.The majority of the patients were farmers(60.36％),and their age ranged from 20 to 49 years(63.06％).In the 111 new cases of HIV/AIDS,79.28％of the cases were transmitted through heterosexual act,and 19.82％of the cases were transmitted through same-sex sexual behavior.The sentinel monitoring data indicated that the male STD clinic clients with age ≥34 years,a history of injecting drug use,a history of same-sex sexual behaviour,having sexually transmitted diseases in the past year,undergoing HIV testing in the past year and knowing the results had a higher HIV infection rate(P＜0.05).Conclusion The HIV positive rate in STD clinic clients in Yunnan Province is generally at a relatively high level.The border areas and the regions where the spatial distribution shows a"high-high"aggregation should be given key attention.Male patients with high-risk behaviors and a history of sexually transmitted diseases have a higher risk of HIV infection.The newly diagnosed cases of HIV/AIDS in the STD clinic are mainly young and middle-aged men.They have a low educational level and are infected with HIV/AIDS mainly through sexual contact.In order to accurately guide the prevention and control of AIDS,comprehensive monitoring of this population should be continuously carried out in the future.