Preventive effect of polyvinyl alcohol synthesized antifreeze gel on rat model of skin frostbite
Ding Zi-xuan
Lou Yan-ju
Tan Li-na
Liu Cong-cong
Xiang Jia-yi
Gu Wei-jie
Abstract：Objective To investigate the preventive effect of polyvinyl alcohol gel against frostbite in rats.Methods Eigh-teen healthy adult male SD rats were divided into three groups using the random number table method.They were the polyvinyl alcohol synthetic antifreeze gel(made by combining polyvinyl alcohol,and dimethyl sulfoxide,synthetic antifreeze protein gel,hereinafter referred to as SynAFP)group,blank group(only applying gel for removing SynAFP)and model group(only establishing the degree-Ⅱfrostbite model),with six in each group.The degree-Ⅱfrostbite model was prepared by contacting the dorsal skin of rats with an iron rod pre-cooled with liquid nitrogen.Wound healing,histological changes,blood rheology,coagulation indexes,and serum inflammatory factor levels were analyzed on day 2 and 14 after frostbite,and a drug irritation test was also performed.Results SynAFP gel and degree-Ⅱ frostbite pattern were prepared successfully.In terms of hemorheology,the whole blood viscosity(low cut),plasma viscosity,and sedimentation levels in the blank group((8.13±0.45)mPa·s,(1.33±0.09)mPa·s,(1.68±0.09)mm·h-1)were lower than those in the model group((14.65±1.14)mPa·s,(3.43±0.90)mPa·s and(4.28±0.66)mm·h-1)F=108.25,20.12,44.89,all P<0.05).The whole blood viscosity(low cut),plasma viscosity,and sedimentation levels in the SynAFP group((10.53±0.54)mPa·s,(2.30±0.42)mPa·s,(2.93±0.45)mm·h-1)were lower than those in the model group(F=108.25,20.12,44.89,all P<0.05)Regarding blood indices,the prothrombin time,activated partial thromboplastin time and fibrinogen level((29.10±1.32)s,(18.89±0.80)s,(122.81±2.57)mg·dL-1)were better in the blank group than in the model group((20.93±1.00)s,(12.28±0.49)s,(139.45±4.51)mg·dL-1)(F=39.79,124.25,77.36,all P<0.05).The prothrombin time,activated partial thromboplastin time and fi-brinogen level in the SynAFP group((26.20±2.24)s,(15.63±0.84)s,(115.95±2.66)mg·dL-1)were better than in the model group(F=39.79,124.25,77.36,all P<0.05).As for the levels of inflammatory factors,the pro-inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α((11.06±1.57)pg·mL-1,(34.80±4.75)pg·mL-1)were lower in the blank group than in the model group rats((20.70±2.64)pg·mL-1,(66.74±10.64)pg·mL-1)(F=33.04,29.21,all P<0.05)and the anti-inflammatory factors IL-4 and IL-10((48.32±3.65)pg·mL-1,(20.08±1.57)pg·mL-1)were higher than those in the model group((27.54±5.62)pg·mL-1,(9.09±2.17)pg·mL-1)(F=28.53,44.61,all P<0.05).The pro-inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α((15.78±1.80)pg·mL-1,(53.06±4.73)pg·mL-1)were lower in the SynAFP group than in the model group(F=33.04,29.21,all P<0.05)and the anti-inflammatory factors IL-4 and IL-10((40.55±4.96)pg·mL-1,(14.81±2.24)pg·mL-1)were higher than those in the model group(F=28.53,44.61,all P<0.05).When applying to normal rat skin,the skin ir-ritation experiments showed that SynAFP gel did not show any irritation such as redness,swelling and oozing.There were no signifi-cant changes in keratin 14 and loricrin in the blank group((0.15±0.04),(0.09±0.06))as compared with the SynAFP group((0.14±0.04),(0.05±0.06))(t=-0.198,1.015,all P>0.05).Conclusion SynAFP gel can effectively prevent frostbite induced by exposure to low temperatures in rats.The mechanism of which may be related to its ability to reduce blood viscosity,improve microcirculation and attenuate inflammatory responses.
Keywords：Polyvinyl alcoholDimethyl sulfoxideGelRatFrostbitePrevention
Publication Date：2025-04-25
Online Publishing Date：2025-08-15(First online date of this platform, not the publication date of the document)
Pages：5( 365-369 )