A longitudinal epidemiological study on cardio-kidney-metabolic syndrome among middle-aged and elderly Chinese population based on CHARLS database
MIAO Xiaofan
LI Bixia
SUN Wei
CHEN Jihong
ZHAO Jing
XU Rong
Abstract：Objective Based on the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS)database,this study aimed to analyze and discuss the prevalence trend and risk factors of CKM syndrome among middle-aged and elderly populations in China.Methods A total of 3,584 respondents aged≥45 y were enrolled from CHARLS database in 2011 and 2015.An age-stratified model was established to explore the age-specific risk evolution pattern,and multivariate Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the independent predictors for the progression of CKM syndrome to stage 4.Results From 2011 to 2015,the prevalence rate of stage 4 CKM syndrome increased significantly from 3.2%to 7.6%(P<0.001).Age-stratified analysis indicated that the prevalence of stage 4 CKM syndrome increased with age in both 2011(χ2=16.85,P=0.010)and 2015(χ2=16.05,P=0.010).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that increasing age(2011:OR=1.04,P<0.001;2015:OR=1.02,P=0.002),elevated platelet count(2011:OR=1.00,P=0.007;2015:OR=1.00,P=0.015),as well as comorbidities including dyslipidemia(2011:OR=2.51,P=0.001;2015:OR=2.48,P<0.001),chronic lung disease(2011:OR=1.89,P=0.015;2015:OR=2.02,P<0.001)and kidney disease(2011:OR=2.23,P=0.006;2015:OR=2.04,P=0.001)were significantly associated with an increased risk of stage 4 CKM syndrome.In addition,comorbid rheumatic disease in 2011(OR=1.74,P=0.006),female sex(OR=1.52,P=0.002)and elevated hemoglobin level(OR=1.10,P=0.001)in 2015 were also identified as independent risk factors for stage 4 CKM syndrome.Conclusion This study established the first longitudinal epidemiological database of CKM syndrome in the Chinese population,revealing the age-specific risk evolution pattern.It identified clusters of key modifiable risk factors,thereby providing a scientific basis for formulating hierarchical prevention and control strategies.
Keywords：cardio-kidney-metabolic syndromeChina Health and Retirement Longitudinal Studyprevalencerisk factors
Publication Date：2026-01-20
Online Publishing Date：2026-03-25(First online date of this platform, not the publication date of the document)
Pages：7( 16-22 )