Pattern elements and target characteristics in patients with hypertension complicated by overweight or obesity based on factor analysis

Dai Shuang; Yan Zuzhen; Ding Yukun; Wang Xian

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4055.2024.05.07

Abstract：Objective To investigate the distribution of main pattern elements and target characteristicsin patients with hypertension complicated by overweight or obesity,in order to provide a theoretical basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment with traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)and to provide help for hypertensiontreatment with TCM in basic hospitals in Beijing.Methods The clinical data(including 71 symptoms and signs terms)were collected to establish Excel database in 1102 patientswith hypertensioncomplicated by overweight or obesity.All data were imported SPSS statistical software for analyzing dimensionality reduction factors,extracting syndrome elements and target organs and counting distribution characteristics.Results There were totally 15 common factors extracted and 7 pattern elements summed up,including yin-deficiency(in 210 cases,25.15%),qi-deficiency(in 146 cases,17.49%),yang-hyperactivity(in 136 cases,16.29%),phlegm-heat(in 98 cases,11.74%),blood-stasis(in 87 cases,10.42%),phlegm turbidity(in 82 cases,9.82%)and yang-deficiency(in 76 cases,9.10%).The target organs included spleen,liver and heart,and spleen was a dominant organ(35.58%).Conclusion The main pattern elements are yin-deficiency,qi-deficiency,yang-hyperactivity,phlegm-heat,blood-stasis,phlegm turbidity and yang-deficiency.The nature of disease is mixture of deficient and excess,and disease locations are commonly spleen,liver and heart in patientswith hypertensioncomplicated by overweight or obesity.It is suggested that the treatment should be based on nourishing yin,tonifying qi,tranquilizing yang,resolving phlegm,clearing heat,promoting blood and warming yang.Spleen should be considered as the first and foremost organ in the treatment,while liver and heart should also be taken into consideration.