Effects of different-intensity exercise rehabilitation on blood lipids in patients after percutaneous coronary intervention

WANG Rui; YANG Jia-wei; QI Xing-li; XIA Jing-gang

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-5301.2026.02.011

Abstract：Objective To investigate the effects of different exercise intensities on lipid profiles in patients after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Methods A total of 93 patients who underwent PCI at Xiong'an Xuanwu Hospital between November 2024 and August 2025 were enrolled.They were randomly assigned to either a random number table to a moderate-intensity continuous training(MICT)group(n=43)or a high-intensity interval training(HIIT)group(n=50)using a random number talbe method.Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)were designated as primary outcomes;total cholesterol(TC),triglycerides(TG),apolipoprotein A1(ApoA1),and apolipoprotein B(ApoB)served as secondary outcomes.Both groups completed exercise-based rehabilitation programs,and lipid indices were compared before and after the intervention both within each group and between groups.Results No significant differences were observed between groups at baseline in sex,age,body mass index(BMI),comorbidities,or baseline biochemical indices(all P>0.05).Within-group analyses revealed that in the MICT group,post-intervention levels of TC[3.55(3.13,4.01)mmol/L vs.4.16(3.60,4.83)mmol/L,P<0.001],LDL-C[1.77(1.56,2.10)mmol/L vs.2.61(2.14,3.40)mmol/L,P<0.001],ApoB[0.63(0.56,0.71)g/L vs.0.75(0.61,0.84)g/L,P=0.005],and HDL-C[(1.08±0.24)mmol/L vs.(1.22±0.26)mmol/L,P<0.001]decreased significantly,whereas TG and ApoA1 showed no significant changes(all P>0.05).In the HIIT group,TC[3.50(3.07,3.79)mmol/L vs.4.62(4.02,5.16)mmol/L,P<0.001],LDL-C[1.67(1.21,1.95)mmol/L vs.2.75(2.29,3.49)mmol/L,P<0.001],and ApoB[0.61(0.54,0.71)g/L vs.0.80(0.67,0.95)g/L,P<0.001]decreased significantly after the intervention,whileHDL-C,TG,and ApoA1 did not show significant changes(P>0.05).Between-group comparisons after the intervention indicated that LDL-C was significantly higher in the MICT group than in the HIIT group[1.77(1.56,2.10)mmol/L vs.1.67(1.21,1.95)mmol/L,P=0.033],while HDL-C was significantly lower in the MICT group than in the HIIT group[1.10(0.92,1.21)mmol/L vs.1.17(1.00,1.31)mmol/L,P=0.045)].Conclusions In PCI-treated patients with LVEF≥40%during the rehabilitation phase,both HIIT and MICT are feasible exercise-based rehabilitation modalities.However,considering the overall change in lipid profiles,HIIT appears to have an advantage in maintaining HDL-C stability and may be the preferred for patients with appropriate risk assessment and monitoring.The long-term benefits and generalizability to broader populations warrant further validation.Further validation is needed to explore the long-term benefits and generalizability of these findings to broader populations.