Assessment of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome staging in the pre-infarction phase of acute myocardial infarction patients
JING Fu-yu
YIN Chun-lin
XIA Jing-gang
Abstract：Objective To investigate the prevalence and distribution of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic(CKM)syndrome stages among patients prior to their acute myocardial infarction(AMI).Methods The patients diagnosed with AMI and admitted to Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University from January 2017 to December 2022 were included.CKM syndrome was classified from stage 0 to stage 4 according to the definition by the American Heart Association.The patients were categorized by age(＜55,55-74,≥75 years)and gender to analyze CKM stage distribution and clinical characteristics within each group.Linear regression and the Cochran-Armitage trend test were used to assess the linear trend between CKM staging and various clinical indicators.Results A total of 2580 AMI patients were included.The distribution across CKM syndrome stages ranging from 0 to 4 was 69 patients(2.7％),201 patients(7.8％),512 patients(19.8％),970 patients(37.6％)and 828 patients(32.1％),respectively.A higher proportion of females exhibited advanced CKM syndrome(stages 3-4)before AMI compared to males(72.5％vs.68.9％,P＜0.01).Among different age groups,the youngest cohort(＜55 years)showed the lowest prevalence of advanced CKM syndrome(50.3％,P＜0.01),contrasting with the 55-74 and ≥75 age groups.With the progression of CKM syndrome staging,patients with AMI exhibit a lower left ventricular ejection fraction,higher levels of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP),and a greater proportion of patients with acute non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(P for trend＜0.01).Conclusion A significant majority of AMI patients present with CKM stages 3 to 4 before the onset of AMI.CKM staging could effectively identifie high-risk populations for AMI,yet there is a need to enhance early identification and intervention for AMI high-risk patients in the CKM stages 0 to 2.
Keywords：Acute myocardial infarctionCardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndromeCardiovascular-kidney-metabolic health
Publication Date：2024-11-10
Online Publishing Date：2025-08-15(First online date of this platform, not the publication date of the document)
Pages：6( 1046-1051 )