Differential analysis of secondary metabolomics between wild and culti-vated Asplenium nidus

ZHAO Wangrui; BI Jianxiang; DONG Shilang; HUANG Wenlong; ZHANG Caian; WANG Butian; XIE Chun; QU Peng; GE Yu; DU Huabo; ZHOU Chunyan

doi:10.16861/j.cnki.zggc.2025.0163

Abstract：To investigate the differences in secondary metabolites of Asplenium nidus between wild and cultivated modes,a widely targeted metabolomics analysis was performed on leaf samples ofA.nidus from native(Group B)and cultivated(Group C)environments using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry(UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS).Differential metabolites were screened by orthogonal partial least squares dis-criminant analysis(OPLS-DA),followed by correlation analysis and KEGG metabolic pathway enrichment analysis.The results showed that a total of 647 metabolites were identified in wild and cultivated A.nidus,among which shikimic acid and phenylpropanoids accounted for the highest proportion(37％),followed by terpenoids(19％)and alkaloids(16％).Principal component analysis(PCA)and OPLS-DA results indicated a significant separation in metabolic levels between the wild group and the cultivated group.A total of 326 differential metabolites were screened,including 146 up-regulated and 180 down-regulated,mainly concentrated in shikimales and phenyloropanolds,alkaloids,and terpenoids.KEGG path-way enrichment analysis revealed 15 significantly enriched metabolic pathways,among which flavonoid and flavonol bio-synthesis,ABC transporter pathways,and amino acid metabolism-related pathways showed the highest enrichment levels.The findings provide a metabolomic basis for optimizing the cultivation conditions of A.nidus,improving the content of active components,and evaluating its medicinal value,and also lay a foundation for subsequent exploration of its metabol-ic regulation mechanisms and development applications.