Comprehensive analysis of regional test of cowpea varieties in Henan province

WANG Hongbin; YU Haipei; JI Xiaochen; PANG Shumin; FANG Guanna; LI Tong

doi:10.16861/j.cnki.zggc.2025.0064

Abstract：To accelerate the breeding and promotion of new cowpea varieties in Henan province,a comparative analysis of agronomic traits,quality,and disease resistance was conducted on the regional trial results of nine cowpea varieties across five test sites in Henan province.Comprehensive evaluations were performed using correlation analysis,cluster analysis,and principal component analysis(PCA).The experimental results revealed significant differences in plant height,internode length,node of the first flower,pod length,pod width,single pod mass,early yield and yield among the varieties in terms of agronomic traits.Anjiangzaofeng,Anjiangchangqing,and Zijiang 1 exhibited higher early yields,while Anjiangchangqing,Lubaote,and Zijiang 1 demonstrated higher total yields.Zijiang 1 had the highest protein content,Anjiangchangqing showed the highest vitamin C and crude fiber content,and Qimei exhibited the highest total soluble sugar content.In terms of disease resistance,Zhengyanjiaduobao displayed the strongest field resistance to rust,Qimei and Anjiangchangqing exhibited the strongest resistance to powdery mildew,and Lubaote showed the strongest resistance to viral diseases.Correlation analysis indicated significant relationships between agronomic traits(e.g.,plant height and pod length)and yield or quality parameters.Cluster analysis categorized the nine cowpea varieties into four groups:Zhengyanjiangmeiren,Zhengyanjiaduobao,Lubaote,and Zijiang No.1 were classified as Group Ⅰ;Qingfeng 2,Qimei,and Anjiangzaofeng as Group Ⅱ;Anjiangchangqing as Group Ⅲ;and Zhijiang 28-2 as Group Ⅳ.PCA trans-formed 19 agronomic traits into six principal components,with cumulative variance contribution rate reaching 83.4％.Varieties such as Lubaote,Zijiang 1,Anjiangchangqing,and Zhengyanjiangmeiren achieved higher comprehensive scores,indicating their suitability for large-scale cultivation in Henan province.