Local immunotherapeutic strategies for glioblastoma and their advances
YANG Songyu
XIA Songsong
CHEN Desheng
ZHAO Nannan
WANG Guangzhi
GUO Mian
Abstract：Glioblastoma(GBM)is the most common and aggressive primary malignancy of the central nervous system,and current multimodal treatments still fail to substantially improve patient prognosis.Although immune checkpoint blockade(ICB)has shown substantial efficacy in several extracranial malignancies,its overall clinical benefit in GBM remains limited,with responses observed in only a subset of patients.The restrictive blood-brain barrier(BBB)and the profoundly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment(TME)represent major obstacles to systemic ICB delivery,resulting in limited overall clinical benefit and therapeutic responses confined to a subset of patients with GBM.Neurosurgical intervention provides a unique therapeutic window to overcome these barriers.Local administration of ICBs during the perioperative period enables direct,high-concentration exposure at the tumor site,bypasses the BBB,and promotes more effective modulation of the local immune milieu.Recent advances in neurosurgically enabled local delivery systems,such as sustained-release formulations within the resection cavity,have further expanded the potential of this strategy.Integration of local ICB delivery with surgery,radiotherapy,and chemotherapy is increasingly recognized as a promising approach,highlighting the emerging paradigm of surgical window-guided personalized immunotherapy for GBM.
Keywords：gliomaglioblastomaimmune checkpoint blockadelocal deliveryblood-brain barrierperioperative period
Publication Date：2026-01-20
Online Publishing Date：2026-02-07(First online date of this platform, not the publication date of the document)
Pages：9( 33-41 )