Clinical application and current status of responsive neurostimulation in drug-resistant epilepsy
JIN Lei
ZHI Dixuan
YANG Yanfeng
SHAN Yongzhi
Abstract：Approximately 1%of the global population suffers from epilepsy,and about 30%of these patients have drug-resistant epilepsy.Without surgical intervention,such patients are at increased risk of developing various complications,which can be life-threatening in severe cases.Although surgical resection is currently the optimal surgical intervention,it is not suitable for patients with multifocal onset,no clearly identifiable epileptogenic focus,or foci located within eloquent cortical regions.These limitations have driven the development of neuromodulation therapies.Among them,responsive neurostimulation(RNS)is the only closed-loop stimulation therapy approved by the Food and Drug Administration(FDA)for the treatment of drug-resistant focal epilepsy.RNS not only provides long-term intracranial electroencephalographic monitoring but also exhibits significant clinical value.This article comprehensively reviews the current literature on RNS,focusing on five aspects:the mechanisms of RNS,its advantages,patient selection,electrode placement,and stimulation parameter settings,and discusses its current clinical applications in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy.
Keywords：epilepsydurg resistantresponsive neurostimulationelectrode placementstimulation parametersclinical application
Publication Date：2025-12-20
Online Publishing Date：2026-01-16(First online date of this platform, not the publication date of the document)
Pages：13( 735-747 )