Effect of bilateral sequential repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on motor and cognitive function in secondary brain injury following high-altitude traumatic brain injury
Huang Yuxing
Xiong Zhen
Zeng Lin
Ye Kun
Li Chengxun
Wu Tao
Wei Linjie
Abstract：Objective To analyze the improvement effects of bilateral sequential repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(rTMS)on motor and cognitive functions in secondary brain injury following high-altitude traumatic brain injury(TBI).Methods A total of 82 patients with secondary brain injury after high-altitude TBI were selected and randomly divided into a conventional group(41 patients receiving conventional treatment)and an intervention group(41 patients receiving bilateral sequential rTMS treatment in addition to conventional treatment)using a random number table method.Neurotrophic factors,serological indicators,cognitive function,motor function,activities of daily living(ADL),and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.Results There was no statistically significant difference in baseline data between the two groups(all P>0.05),indicating comparability.At 3 months post-intervention,insulin-like growth factor(IGF-1)and brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)levels increased significantly in both groups compared to pre-intervention levels,with the intervention group showing significantly higher levels than the conventional group(both P<0.05).In contrast,lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)and aquaporin-1(AQP-1)levels decreased in both groups compared to pre-intervention levels,with lower levels in the intervention group(both P<0.05).At 3 and 6 months after intervention,the mini-mental state examination(MMSE)scores,upper limb motor function scores,lower limb motor function scores,and ADL scores were higher in both groups compared to pre-intervention levels,with greater improvements in the intervention group(all P<0.05).No serious adverse reactions were reported,except for one patient in the intervention group experienced mild transient temporal pain,which resolved spontaneously without recurrence.Conclusions Early intensive rehabilitation training combined with bilateral sequential rTMS can modulate neurotrophic factors and serological indicators,improve motor function and cognitive functions,and enhance ADL in patients with high-altitude TBI,demonstrating a favorable safety profile.
Keywords：brain injuryrepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulationmotor disorderscognitive disordersneural remodeling
Publication Date：2025-09-20
Online Publishing Date：2025-10-17(First online date of this platform, not the publication date of the document)
Pages：6( 530-535 )