Cortical Organoid Model of Glioblastoma: Decoding the Heterogeneity and Inter-Cellular Transfer of Glioblastoma
Abstract：Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly invasive and incurable central nervous system malignancy, characterized by high recurrence and disability rates in clinical settings [1]. Its treatment challenges not only lie in the heterogeneity of tumor cells themselves, but also in the complex interactions between malignant cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME). In recent years, single-cell and spatial transcriptomic technologies have revealed extensive cellular state heterogeneity within GBM. Malignant cells mainly include four states: neural progenitor cell-like (NPC-like), oligodendrocyte progenitor cell-like (OPC-like), astrocyte-like (AC-like), and mesenchymal-like (MES-like) [2-3]. Understanding how these states integrate and collaborate within the TME is crucial for elucidating the mechanisms of GBM progression.
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Publication Date：2025-08-20
Online Publishing Date：2025-08-29(First online date of this platform, not the publication date of the document)
Pages：1( 504 )