Effects of extracranial surgery on short-term cognitive function and survival status in patients with traumatic brain injury

Yuan Qingzong; Li Xiaojing; Song Zichang; Zhang Ping

doi:10.11850/j.issn.1009-122X.2025.06.006

Abstract：Objective To investigate whether extracranial surgery affect the short-term clinical outcomes of patients with traumatic brain injury(TBI).Methods Clinical data of 253 TBI patients were analyzed retrospectively.Based on whether they underwent extracranial surgery,patients were divided into a non-extracranial group(n=191)and an extracranial group(n=62).Baseline characteristics,post-injury cognitive function,and survival status were compared between the two groups.Multivariate analysis was applied to explore factors influencing post-injury cognitive function and survival status in TBI patients.Results Survival status at 6 months post-injury revealed no deaths among patients with mild TBI.Logistic regression analysis revealed that,in patients with moderate or severe TBI,six-month mortality was not significantly associated with extracranial surgery(all P>0.05).MMSE scores at 2 weeks and 6 months post-injury indicated that extracranial surgery had no statistically significant impact on cognitive function in patients with mild TBI(both P>0.05).Logistic regression analysis revealed that extracranial surgery significantly reduced MMSE scores at 2 weeks and 6 months post-injury in patients with moderate or severe TBI,demonstrating a strong association between extracranial surgery and short-term cognitive dysfunction in these patients(all P<0.05).Conclusions Exposure to extracranial surgery is associated with adverse short-term neurological outcomes in patients with moderate or severe TBI.Non-emergency surgeries should be delayed until the patient's traumatic brain injury stabilizes,after which elective procedures for other sites can be performed.