Advances in the treatment of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma
WANG Ping
FU Xian-hua
XIE Qiu-ping
XU Feng-yu
Abstract：Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma(ATC)is a rare but highly aggressive thyroid malignancy with an extremely poor prognosis,and the median survival time is only 4-6 months.Traditional therapeutic modalities,including surgery,radiotherapy,and chemotherapy,provide limited overall efficacy.With advances in molecular biology,the genomic landscape of ATC has been gradually elucidated.Common alterations include BRAF V600E,TP53 mutations,TERT promoter mutations,and gene fusions involving NTRK,RET,and ALK,affecting signaling pathways such as RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR.Targeted therapies against specific alterations(e.g.,dabrafenib plus trametinib,larotrectinib,selpercatinib,pralsetinib)have markedly improved survival in selected patients.In the field of immunotherapy,programmed death-1(PD-1)and programmed death-ligand 1(PD-L1)inhibitors(e.g.,spartalizumab,pembrolizumab),administered alone or in combination with targeted therapy or radiotherapy,have shown promising efficacy.Combined immunotherapy and targeted therapy,such as the PD-L1 inhibitor atezolizumab with vemurafenib and cobimetinib,has significantly prolonged survival in patients harboring BRAF V600E mutations.Supportive care,including airway management,nutritional support,and management of adverse effects,remains essential.Multidisciplinary collaboration and individualized precision therapy are central to optimizing ATC management.Future research should focus on mechanisms of resistance and therapeutic strategies for patients without BRAF mutations.
Keywords：anaplastic thyroid carcinomamultimodal therapymolecular mechanismstargeted therapy
Publication Date：2025-09-01
Online Publishing Date：2025-10-22(First online date of this platform, not the publication date of the document)
Pages：6( 1050-1055 )