Clinicopathological characteristics and risk factors of distant metastasis in thyroid cancer
YIN De-tao
LI Hong-qiang
Abstract：Objective Patients with distant metastasis of thyroid cancer(TCDM)often have a poor prognosis,which is the main cause of cancer-related death of thyroid cancer.Many factors affect TCDM.Including children and adolescents,elderly patients,male patients,larger tumor diameter(maximum tumor diameter≥4 cm),thyroid capsule invasion,lymph node metastasis(more number,larger diameter),and poorly differentiated pathological types such as medullary thyroid cancer,poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma,anaplastic thyroid carcinoma,etc.BRAFV600E and TERT promoter mutations are risk factors for distant metastasis of papillary thyroid carcinoma and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma,RET fusion gene and NTRK fusion gene mutations are risk factors for distant metastasis of differentiated thyroid cancer in children and adolescents,and RAS gene mutations are risk factors for distant metastasis of MTC.In the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid cancer,the high-risk factors of distant metastasis of thyroid cancer should be comprehensively considered,and more strict diagnosis and treatment plans should be formulated to improve the survival time of patients with distant metastasis of thyroid cancer.
Keywords：thyroid cancerdistant metastasisclinicopatholog-ical characteristicsrisk factors
Publication Date：2024-06-01
Online Publishing Date：2025-08-15(First online date of this platform, not the publication date of the document)
Pages：5( 644-648 )