Study on the influence of 3D printing zirconia patterned design and surface pretreatment methods on adhesive performance

YIN Lu; CHENG Qian-huang; CHEN Zhong; LIN Yao

doi:10.19538/j.kq.2024.06.008

Abstract：Objective To study the influence of 3D print-ing patterned design of the number of zirconia microholes and different surface pretreatment methods on the bond-ing strength.Methods On the surface of 10 mm × 10 mm × 1 mm zirconia specimens,square microholes with a side length of about 100 μm were designed.Six specimens with different bonding areas were 3D printed according to the number of microholes(0,45,90,135,180,225),and were respectively recorded as 1.0S,1.2S,1.4S,1.6S,1.8S,and 2.0S.The specimens with different numbers of microholes were randomly divided into four different surface pretreatment groups(each group had 3 specimens),includ-ing a blank control group(no treatment),a sandblasting group(with sandblasting treatment),a sandblasting+treatment agent group(with sandblasting treatment followed by application of zirconia treatment agent Z-PRIME plus),and a sand-blasting+silica coating group(with sandblasting treatment followed by application of zirconia pretreatment agent Biomic LiSi Connect).The contact angle of the surface of the 1.0S specimens in each surface pretreatment group was detected,and the shear bond strength of the specimens with different numbers of microholes in each surface pretreatment group was measured.The fracture mode was observed under an inverted microscope.Results ①The contact angle of the sand-blasting group,the sandblasting+treatment agent group,and the sandblasting+silica coating group decreased gradual-ly,being(58.16±3.40)°,(45.38±3.94)°,and(22.72±5.74)°,respectively;the contact angle of the sandblasting+treatment agent group and the sandblasting+silica coating group was smaller than that of the blank control group([60.38±4.28]°);the differences were statistically significant(all P＜0.05).②Different surface pretreatment methods and microhole numbers had a significant effect on the measurement results of shear bond strength(F value was 781.221 and 35.442,respectively,all P＜0.001).Furthermore,the surface pretreatment method and the number of microholes in-teracted with each other(F=10.281,P＜0.001).The results of the intergroup and intragroup comparisons showed that the number of microholes had no effect on the bond strength of the sandblasting group;its effect on the sandblasting+sil-ica coating group was also small,with only the 2.0S specimen having a higher shear bond strength than the 1.8S specimen,and there was a statistically significant difference(P＜0.05).In the blank control group,the 2.0S specimen had a higher shear bond strength than all the specimens with other microhole number within the group,and in the sandblasting+treat-ment agent group,the 2.0S specimen had a higher shear bond strength than all specimens with other microhole number except the 1.6S specimen,there being a statistically significant difference(P＜0.05).In the 1.0S specimens and 2.0S specimens,the shear bond strength of the sandblasting+treatment agent group and the sandblasting+silica coating group was greater than that of the sandblasting group and the blank control group;the shear bond strength of the sand-blasting+treatment agent group was also greater than sandblasting+silica coating group;there were statistically signifi-cant differences among them(all P＜0.05).③The fracture modes of the adhesive interface in the 2.0S specimens of each surface pretreatment group were all mixed failure,and the fracture modes of the adhesive interface in the 1.0S specimens of each surface pretreatment group were mainly adhesive failure,with no evidence of cohesive failure mode.Conclusion Sandblasting followed by the application of zirconia treatment agent Z-PRIME plus or silica coating(Biomic LiSi Con-nect)can increase the bond strength of zirconia,and sandblasting followed by the application of zirconia treatment agent combined with zirconia surface microhole treatment can further enhance its bond strength.