Sex differences in aging and injured brain
Jordan N.Williamson
Yuan Yang
Abstract：Background: The prevalence, age of onset, and symptomatology of traumatic brain injury, stroke, and neurodegenerative diseases (such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Huntington's disease) differ substantially between males and females. The higher prevalence of these brain disorders has been attributed to females having a greater longevity compared with males. Since one of the greatest risk factors of acquired brain injury (such as stroke, traumatic brain injury caused by fall) and neurodegenerative disease is age, it would be reasonable to state that more females would live long enough to develop a brain disorder. However, a recent systematic review and meta-analysis shows that even when baseline data is adjusted for demographic covariates such as age, females continue to have worse rehabilitation outcomes and account for more deaths compared to males (Ali, 2022).
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Publication Date：2025-10-27
Online Publishing Date：2025-08-15(First online date of this platform, not the publication date of the document)
Pages：2( 2901-2902 )