Cell polarization in ischemic stroke:molecular mechanisms and advances
Yuanwei Li
Xiaoxiao Xu
Xuan Wu
Jiarui Li
Shiling Chen
Danyang Chen
Gaigai Li
Zhouping Tang
Abstract：Ischemic stroke is a cerebrovascular disease associated with high mortality and disability rates. Since the inflammation and immune response play a central role in driving ischemic damage, it becomes essential to modulate excessive inflammatory reactions to promote cell survival and facilitate tissue repair around the injury site. Various cell types are involved in the inflammatory response, including microglia, astrocytes, and neutrophils, each exhibiting distinct phenotypic profiles upon stimulation. They display either proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory states, a phenomenon known as 'cell polarization.' There are two cell polarization therapy strategies. The first involves inducing cells into a neuroprotective phenotype in vitro, then reintroducing them autologously. The second approach utilizes small molecular substances to directly affect cells in vivo. In this review, we elucidate the polarization dynamics of the three reactive cell populations (microglia, astrocytes, and neutrophils) in the context of ischemic stroke, and provide a comprehensive summary of the molecular mechanisms involved in their phenotypic switching. By unraveling the complexity of cell polarization, we hope to offer insights for future research on neuroinflammation and novel therapeutic strategies for ischemic stroke.
Keywords：astrocyte polarizationimmune regulationinflammationischemic injurymicroglia polarizationneutrophil polarizationsignaling pathwaysstroke
Publication Date：2025-03-27
Online Publishing Date：2025-08-15(First online date of this platform, not the publication date of the document)
Pages：14( 632-645 )