Childhood periosteal chondroma:a case report and 66 cases literature review

ZHAO Zong-xuan; SUN Li-ying; ZHONG Wen-yao; YIN Yue-han; CHEN Dan; TIAN Wen

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2095-252X.2025.08.006

Abstract：Objective To review 68 cases of periosteal chondroma reported in the literature and report the treatment of a 8-year-old girl with multiple periosteal chondromas treated in our hospital.Methods Three databases,PubMed,Cochrane,and Web of Science,were searched using the keywords"periosteal chondroma","Extraskeletal chondroma",and"periosteal chondrosarcoma"in the Title/Abstract field.The China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)database was searched using the keyword"periosteal chondroma".Results Since 1952,68 cases of periosteal chondroma had been reported in the literature,including 35 cases in children.66 cases were solitary and 2 cases were multiple.The affected sites included long tubular bones,small tubular bones of hands and feet,and flat bones.Phalanges and humerus were common sites of occurrence.The patient treated in our hospital was an 8-year-old girl with multiple periosteal chondromas.She was diagnosed with periosteal chondroma by imaging and pathology in our center and underwent resection of periosteal chondroma in the hand.No bone grafting was performed during the operation.Follow-up showed that the affected bones in the hand of the child had good shaping and no recurrence was observed.Conclusions Periosteal chondroma is a very rare cartilage lesion,which is more common in young men and often affects long tubular bones.Currently,the treatment of periosteal chondroma relies on surgery.For asymptomatic and slowly growing periosteal chondromas,long-term follow-up can be considered.Children are a high-risk age group for periosteal chondroma.For children with characteristic imaging manifestations such as butterfly-shaped cortical compression,periosteal chondroma should be suspected.