Experimental study on the synergistic osteogenesis between piezoelectric responsive materials and BMP-2
JIAO Zhen-rui
LI Chen
ZHAO Zi-teng
LI Li
ZHAO Yan-tao
Abstract：Objective A piezoelectric-responsive protein delivery material,DBM-MS(BTO/BMP-2),was constructed.The fundamental material properties,including mechanical strength,piezoelectric characteristics,and biocompatibility,were systematically evaluated.Furthermore,the synergistic osteogenic effects between the piezoelectric response and bone morphogenetic protein 2(BMP-2)were investigated to elucidate their combined potential in enhancing bone regeneration.Methods BMP-2 and drug-loaded piezoelectric microspheres were combined with collagen,which were subsequently filled into demineralized bone matrix(DBM)to fabricate a piezoelectric-responsive protein delivery material.The material was preliminarily characterized by evaluating its micromorphology,piezoelectric properties,and mechanical performance.The proliferative capacity and biocompatibility of the material were evaluated through in vitro coculture with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)using Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8)and live/dead staining assays.Finally,the osteogenic-promoting effects of the material on BMSCs were validated in vitro through qualitative and quantitative analysis of alkaline phosphatase(ALP)activity combined with Alizarin Red S(ARS)staining.Results The material surface exhibited a homogeneous porous structure,with uniformly distributed microspheres averaging 67.5 μm in diameter throughout the matrix.Piezoelectric output measurements demonstrated significant voltage generation(3 V)and current output(4 nA)under applied mechanical stress.The material demonstrated excellent mechanical properties,with compressive strength of(26.86±2.84)MPa and elastic modulus of(3884.15±304.89)MPa.The DBM-MS(BTO/BMP-2)group exhibited significantly enhanced cell proliferation capacity over time,with viable cells(green fluorescence)demonstrating predominant presence.Furthermore,ALP and ARS staining revealed that the DBM-MS(BTO/BMP-2)group exhibited the most intense staining and highest degree of extracellular matrix mineralization,with ALP activity significantly surpassing other groups(P<0.05),demonstrating remarkable osteoinductive capacity.Conclusions This study successfully develops a piezoelectric-responsive protein delivery material that demonstrates a homogeneous porous structure,significant piezoelectric output,superior mechanical properties,excellent biocompatibility,and remarkable osteoinductive capacity,which provides a potential high-quality material option for bone defect repair.
Keywords：Bone matrixBone morphogenetic protein 2Piezoelectric effect
Publication Date：2025-06-19
Online Publishing Date：2025-08-15(First online date of this platform, not the publication date of the document)
Pages：7( 529-535 )