Research progress on high-power and high-performance perovskite-type piezoelectric ceramics
HUAN Yu
ZHANG Xiaofang
HAN Tongxin
Abstract：Significance High-power piezoelectric devices,operating under harsh conditions such as high voltage and large currents,have attracted significant scientific and technological interest in recent years.The main component of high-power devices is piezoelectric ceramics.However,these ceramics face significant challenges during operation.For instance,domain switching under alternating electric fields generates intense mechanical vibrations,which can lead to cracks in piezoelectric ceramics due to their low tensile strength.Additionally,significant thermal dissipation occurs due to electrical and mechanical losses,leading to a temperature rise in the components.This combination of mechanical stress and thermal effects severely degrades the electri-cal performance and service life of piezoelectric devices.To address these challenges,developing piezoelectric ceramics with a high electromechanical coupling coefficient,a large piezoelectric coefficient,a high quality factor,an elevated Curie tempera-ture,and low dielectric loss is essential for the practical application and advancement of high-power piezoelectric devices.
Progress The electromechanical coupling coefficient,piezoelectric coefficient,quality factor,Curie temperature,thermal sta-bility,dielectric constant,and dielectric loss are key performance parameters for high-power piezoelectric ceramics.In this paper,the effects of element doping,component design,and preparation technology on the electrical properties of piezoelectric ceramics are systematically analyzed.Element doping plays a crucial role in optimizing piezoelectric performance.Donor dop-ing,for example,improves the electromechanical coupling coefficient,piezoelectric coefficient,and dielectric constant.How-ever,it also increases dielectric loss and significantly reduces the quality factor.In contrast,acceptor doping has the opposite effect,reducing dielectric loss and improving the quality factor but often at the expense of other electrical properties.To address these trade-offs,co-doping with both donors and acceptors has emerged as a promising strategy in recent years to achieve a more balanced improvement in overall electrical properties.Advancements in preparation technology have further expanded the poten-tial of high-power piezoelectric ceramics.Advanced fabrication techniques,such as sintering aids,optimization of sintering atmospheres,texturing processes,and refined sintering methods,have significantly enhanced the properties of piezoelectric ceramics.In this study,lead-based(including PbZrTiO3-based and BiScO3-PbTiO3-based)and lead-free(including BiFeO3-BaTiO3-based and(K,Na)NbO3-based)piezoelectric ceramic systems for high-power piezoelectric devices are reviewed.The latest studies on element doping,component design,and preparation techniques for these systems are systematically summa-rized,providing insights into their development for high-power piezoelectric devices.
Conclusions and Prospects With the extensive application of high-power devices such as ultrasonic transducers,piezoelectric transformers,ceramic filters,and piezoelectric ultrasonic motors in military and high-tech fields,high-power and high-perform-ance piezoelectric ceramics have shown significant commercial market potential.At the same time,higher demands are being placed on the quality factor(Qm value),loss characteristics,and properties of piezoelectric ceramics.High-power piezoelectric ceramics face two major challenges.First,there is often a trade-off relationship between the mechanical quality factor(Qm),piezoelectric coefficient(d33),electromechanical coupling coefficient(kp),and Curie temperature(tc),making it difficult to enhance them simultaneously.Second,the temperature stability of piezoelectric properties in practical applications requires urgent improvement.To address these challenges,researchers have focused on two primary strategies:regulating phase struc-tures through doping and employing advanced fabrication techniques,such as texturing.These approaches are effective in enhancing their overall performance and play a crucial role in developing high-power lead-free piezoelectric ceramics.It is con-cluded that composition design and process optimization are critical elements for designing high-power piezoelectric ceramics.
Keywords：high-power piezoelectric deviceselectromechanical performanceperovskitepiezoelectric ceramic
Publication Date：2025-11-01
Online Publishing Date：2026-05-22(First online date of this platform, not the publication date of the document)
Pages：22( 70-91 )