Application value of dual immunohistochemical staining of Kappa and Lambda in differentiation of plasma cell neoplasms

MA Hui; ZHANG Yanlin; YUE Bing; ZHANG Xin

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-8096.2025.07.001

Abstract：Objective To explore the clinical application of double staining of Kappa and Lambda by immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis of plasma cell tumors.Methods 60 cases of plasma cell related diseases were selected from Beijing Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University.According to the proportion of Kappa and Lambda expression in plasma cells,they were divided into 3 groups,including 20 cases of reactive polyclonal plasmacytosis(control group),20 cases of plasma cell myeloma(experimental group),and 20 cases of muco-associated lymphoid tissue(MALT)lymphoma with plasma cell differentiation(experimental group).Immunohistochemical Kappa staining,immunohistochemical Lambda staining,and double staining of Kappa and Lambda were used to determine the types of plasma cell tumors.By comparing the proportion of Kappa and Lambda positive cells in single and double staining,the type of plasma cell tumor can be more accurately and clearly determined,and the optimal treatment plan for the patient can be finally obtained.Results Specific positive cells were found in 60 cases of reactive polyclonal plasma cell proliferation,plasma cell myeloma and MALT lymphoma with plasma cell differentiation by single and double staining techniques.Through statistical analysis,there was no statistical significance in the proportion of positive cells and staining intensity between the two staining methods(P>0.05),and the pathological diagnosis results were highly consistent.However,the double staining technique saved the time of reading the slides(P<0.01).All slices have complete structure,accurate positioning and clear comparison.Conclusion The double immunohistochemical staining method of Kappa and Lambda applied in this study not only shows the proportion of Kappa and Lambda expression more clearly,improves the clinical diagnosis rate of plasma cell-related tumors,but also saves the time for reading SLIDES,which has clinical application value and is worthy of promotion.