Application value of combined detection of Stathmin-1,p53,and Ki-67 proteins in grading diagnosis of esophageal squamous intraepithelial neoplasia and prediction of postoperative recurrence

WANG Kang; WANG Chun; ZHOU Wen-qian; YE Zi-nan; YANG Chun

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-8096.2025.03.003

Abstract：Objective To explore the application value of combined detection of Stathmin-1,p53,and Ki-67 proteins in grading diagnosis of esophageal squamous intraepithelial neoplasia(ESIN)and their predictive value for postoperative recurrence.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 80 patients with esophageal squamous intraepithelial neoplasia,including 56 patients in the esophageal high-grade squamous intraepithelial neoplasia(EHGSIN)group,24 patients in the esophageal low-grade squamous intraepithelial neoplasia(ELGSIN)group,20 patients with normal esophageal mucosa as the control group,and 80 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.Tissue sections in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma group were stained immunohistochemically for Stathmin-1,and the other sections were stained immunohistochemically for p53,Ki-67,and Stathmin-1.Six months after the surgery,the patients were divided into recurrent group(23 cases)and non-recurrent group(57 cases).With pathological results as the gold standard,the diagnostic accuracy of combined detection of p53 and Ki-67 versus combined detection of Stathmin-1,p53,and Ki-67 for grading esophageal squamous intraepithelial neoplasia and predicting postoperative recurrence was analyzed.Results The positive rate of Stathmin-1 expression in esophageal squamous intraepithelial neoplasia group was higher than that in normal group(P＜0.01),and lower than that in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma group(P＜0.01).The positive expression rates of p53,Ki-67,and Stathmin-1 in the EHGSIN group were higher than those in the ELGSIN group(P＜0.05).When comparing esophageal squamous intraepithelial neoplasia tissues with positive p53 and Ki-67 to those with negative p53 and Ki-67,the positive expression rate of Stathmin-1 was greater(P＜0.05).The sensitivity,specificity,and area under the curve(AUC)of the combined detection of p53,Ki-67,and Stathmin-1 for grading diagnosis were higher than those of the combined detection of p53 and Ki-67.Similarly,the sensitivity,specificity,and AUC of the combined detection of p53,Ki-67,and Stathmin-1 for predicting postoperative recurrence were higher than those of the combined detection of p53 and Ki-67.Conclusions Combined detection of Stathmin-1,p53,and Ki-67 proteins has diagnostic and predictive value for grading esophageal squamous intraepithelial neoplasia and postoperative recurrence,which helps improve the diagnostic accuracy of esophageal squamous intraepithelial neoplasia and provides reference information for formulating clinical diagnosis and treatment plans.