A comparative study of cyclophosphamide intraperitoneal injection and partial bladder outlet obstruction for establishing mouse models of overactive bladder
KONG Lingchen
SHAO Yongxiang
HU Conglei
LIANG Zilong
PANG Haofeng
CHENG Meng
DU Haiyang
FAN Zudu
LIU Fei
Abstract：Objective To compare the advantages and disadvantages of two methods for establishing mouse models of overactive bladder(OAB):intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide(CYP)and partial bladder outlet obstruction(pBOO).Methods Forty mice were randomly divided into saline group,sham group,CYP intraperitoneal injection group(CTX group),and pBOO group according to the random number table method,with 10 mice in each group.The CTX group received intraperitoneal injections of CYP(150 mg/kg)once every 3 d for a total of three injections.The saline group received equal volumes of saline on the same schedule.The pBOO group underwent partial urethral ligation under anesthesia,while the sham group only had their bladders exposed without further manipulation.Model success was evaluated using the voiding spot assay.Urodynamic parameters were measured in all mice,and bladder histopathological differences were compared among the four groups.NF-κB protein expression was detected via Western blotting in the CTX group and pBOO group.The modeling success rate and mortality rate were also compared between the two groups.Results Mice in both the CTX group and the pBOO group exhibited urine spots with a smaller area,greater number,and scattered distribution,showing statistically significant differences compared to the control groups(P<0.05).These mice also demonstrated reduced maximum voiding pressure,detrusor instability,and a significantly increased contraction frequency.The modeling success rate was 60%with a 30%mortality rate in the CTX group,compared to a 50%success rate and 10%mortality in the pBOO group.Pathological changes were observed in the bladder tissues of both modeling groups,and NF-κB expression was detected in both groups.Conclusion Both intraperitoneal injection of CYP and pBOO can successfully establish OAB mouse models.The CYP method produces more pronounced modeling effects and is technically straightforward,but is associated with higher mortality.The pBOO method offers lower mortality and good effectiveness but requires surgical proficiency.
Keywords：overactive bladdercyclophosphamideintraperitoneal injectionpartial bladder outlet obstructionanimal modelvoiding spot assayNF-κBurodynamic
Publication Date：2026-01-31
Online Publishing Date：2026-08-26(First online date of this platform, not the publication date of the document)
Pages：6( 130-135 )