Mechanisms,strategies,and clinical advances in tumor immunotherapy
LI Weina
LEI Xiaoying
LI Meng
ZHANG Yingqi
Abstract：The rapid development and cross-integration of tumor immunology,cell biology,and molecular technology have profoundly changed the strategies and landscape of cancer therapy.With the elucidation of tumor immune evasion mechanisms,a variety of novel immunotherapeutic strategies have emerged.Tumor immunotherapy aims to enhance the immune system's ability to recognize and eliminate tumors by activating anti-tumor immune responses and/or blocking immune escape pathways.It has become the fifth pillar of cancer treatment,following surgery,radiotherapy,chemotherapy,and targeted therapy.This review systematically outlines the theoretical foundations and key strategies of tumor immunotherapy,including immune surveillance and immunoediting hypotheses,mechanisms of immune escape,as well as design principles,approved agents,and research progress of major therapeutic approaches such as immune checkpoint inhibitors,adoptive cell therapy,and cancer vaccines,and looks forward to the future development direction.
Keywords：tumor immunotherapyimmune evasiondrug developmentimmune checkpoint inhibitorsmonoclonal antibodiesadoptive cell therapytumor vaccinesimmune microenvironment
Publication Date：2025-11-30
Online Publishing Date：2026-08-26(First online date of this platform, not the publication date of the document)
Pages：8( 1401-1408 )