Technique and accuracy of multi-target intracranial electrode implantation in non-human primates

DANG Yuanyuan; HAN Xinyong; SUN Hongji; HE Jianghong; YU Shan; SONG Ming; ZHANG Jianning

doi:10.13276/j.issn.2097-1656.2025.03.004

Abstract：Objective Non-human primates serve as crucial experimental models for intracranial neuroelectrophysiological research.Their brain structure is finer than that of human beings,and the accuracy requirement of intracranial electrode implantation is higher.In order to ensure the experimental quality,it is necessary to optimize the existing deep brain electrode implantation technology.Methods In the same macaque,the structural magnetic resonance imaging of the brain was registered with the standard atlas,and combined with functional brain imaging,multiple intracranial target areas of interest were identified,including the central thalamus,striatum,frontal and parietal cortex,cingulate gyrus and hippocampus.The skull drilling was completed by electric drills controlled by a surgical robot.Through three experiments,a total of 29 stereotactic electroencephalography(SEEG)electrodes and 4 deep brain stimulation(DBS)electrodes were implanted in the brain,and finally the DBS pulse generator was implanted.The accuracy of implantation was confirmed by calculating the radial error between the target and the entry point through the fusion of postoperative CT and surgical plan.Results All electrodes were implanted according to the surgical plan,with the mean radial error of the target and entry point was(0.20±0.08)mm and(0.20±0.06)mm for DBS,(0.28±0.13)mm and(0.22±0.06)mm for SEEG.The target point error of SEEG was slightly higher than the entry point error.The pulse generator worked normally after implantation.There was no intracranial hemorrhage or other complications after surgery.Conclusion Using the animal surgical robot system and the automatic drilling technique,the multi-target SEEG and DBS electrodes and pulse generators can be implanted simultaneously,with high accuracy and safety.