Analysis of echocardiographic of dynamic changes in neonatal heart development

LUO Jia; WANG Yueai; LI Linlu; ZHOU Huilin; XIONG Wu; LIU Yiman; ZHANG Yuqi

doi:10.20258/j.cnki.1006-9011.2026.01.027

Abstract：Objective To dynamically observe the temporal changes in cardiac structure,function,and hemodynamics of neonates using echocardiography and to elucidate their developmental patterns.Methods A retrospective study was conducted involving 278 full-term neonates who underwent echocardiographic examinations.Echocardiographic evaluations were performed during the 7th,28th,90th,and 180th day.Cardiac structure and hemodynamic characteristics were analyzed.Results Com-pared with the 7th day,LA,RA,LV,RV,AO,E/A,AV,LVEF were increased,and PA was decreased in the 28th day(all P<0.05);LA,RA,LV,AO,E/A,LVEF were increased,PA,TR Vmax,and PV were decreased in the 90th day(all P<0.05);LA,RA,LV,RV,AO E/A,AV,LVEF were increased,PA,TR Vmax,and PV were decreased in the 180th day(all P<0.05).At 7th day,the incidence of patent foramen ovale(PFO)was 56.1%,patent ductus arteriosus(PDA)was 27.0%,ventricular septal defect(VSD)was 9.0%,systemic-to-pulmonary collateral circulation(SPCC)was 23.7%,mild pulmonary hypertension(PH)was 7.6%,and increased pulmonary artery branch velocity(IPAV)was 70.5%.Over time,the incidence of PFO,PDA,VSD,SPCC,PH,and IPAV significantly decreased(all P<0.05),to 8.3%,5.4%,2.5%,1.4%,0,and 2.1%,respectively,at 180th.Conclusion Echocardiography is a non-invasive method for assessing dynamic changes in neonatal cardiac develop-ment.PFO,PDA,VSD,SPCC,PH,and IPAV are common during early neonate,and follow-up examination at 6 months is rec-ommended to monitor spontaneous closure.