Preoperative prediction model based on SMOTE algorithm combined with clinical and MRI characteristics for con-structing a dynamic nomogram of dual-phenotype hepatocellular carcinoma
ZHANG Lu
SUN Yuanxin
GAO Yujie
ZENG Mengsu
LIANG Liang
Abstract：Objective To explore the clinical value of a dynamic nomogram based on clinical and MRI characteristics for pre-operative prediction of single-nodule dual-phenotype hepatocellular carcinoma(DPHCC).Methods A total of 187 patients with single-nodule HCC were enrolled and divided into the DPHCC(n=128)and non-DPHCC(n=59)groups based on immuno-histochemical results.Clinical and MRI characteristics were compared between the two groups.The synthetic minority over-sampling technique(SMOTE)was applied to balance the dataset at a 1∶1 ratio.Statistically significant characteristics were incor-porated into multivariable binary logistic regression analysis to identify independent predictors of DPHCC.A ROC curve and dy-namic nomogram derived from a multivariable prediction model were constructed.The clinical application value of the model was evaluated.Results The multivariable logistic regression analysis,combined with the SMOTE algorithm,indicated that AFP(OR=2.759,95%CI:1.414-5.383,P=0.003),liver cirrhosis(OR=3.141,95%CI:1.562-6.316,P=0.001),intracellular fat in tumor(OR=2.838,95%CI:1.388-5.803,P=0.004),bile duct dilation(OR=6.698,95%CI:2.453-18.292,P<0.001),and lymph node enlargement(OR=4.200,95%CI:1.962-8.991,P<0.001)were independent risk factors for predicting DPHCC,whereas,gender(OR=0.309,95%CI:0.118-0.811,P=0.017)was an independent protective factor.The area under the ROC curve for the multivariable prediction model was 0.806.A dynamic nomogram was constructed to visualize the prediction model,and the calibration curve showed a high degree of model fit.The decision curve analysis and clinical impact curve con-firmed the clinical utility of the model.Conclusion The preoperative prediction model based on clinical and MRI characteris-tics,aided by the SMOTE algorithm,effectively distinguishes DPHCC from non-DPHCC.The dynamic nomogram provides a vi-sual,convenient,and interactive diagnostic tool for the preoperative prediction of single-nodule DPHCC.
Keywords：Dual-phenotype hepatocellular carcinomaMagnetic resonance imagingSynthetic minority over-sampling tech-niqueDynamic nomogram
Publication Date：2025-11-30
Online Publishing Date：2026-01-09(First online date of this platform, not the publication date of the document)
Pages：8( 88-95 )