Changes and clinical significance of serum MIP-1α and IL-35 levels in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis

Ma Jiani; Sun Zhe; Yin Weiwei; Zhao Jiahui; Wang Huihui

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-6450.2025.01.013

Abstract：Objective To investigate the changes and clinical significance of serum macrophage inflammatory pro-tein-1α(MIP-1α)and interleukin-35(IL-35)levels in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis.Methods From April 2021 to May 2024,103 patients with autoimmune thyroiditis who visited our hospital were regarded as the observation group,and 106 healthy volunteers who underwent physical checkups at our hospital were regarded as the control group.ELISA method was applied to detect the levels of serum IL-1,IL-6,IL-17,TNFα,MIP-1α,IL-35,thyroid peroxidase antibody,and thyroid globulin antibody.Pearson method was applied to analyze the correlation between serum MIP-1α and IL-35 levels in autoim-mune thyroiditis.Logistic regression was applied to analyze the related factors of autoimmune thyroiditis.ROC curve was applied to analyze the efficacy of serum MIP-1α and IL-35 levels in diagnosing autoimmune thyroiditis.Results The serum levels of MIP-1α(t/P=9.911/＜0.001)in the observation group were higher than those in the healthy control group,and the serum IL-35(t/P=9.102/＜0.001)levels lower than those of healthy controls;Pearson analysis showed that serum MIP-1αwas negatively correlated with IL-35 in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis(r=-0.621,P＜0.001),MIP-1α was positively correlated with TPOAb,TGAb,T3,FT3,FSH,T4 and FSH,and negatively correlated with FT4.IL-35 was negatively correla-ted with TPOAb,TGAb,T3,FT3,FSH,T4 and FSH,and positively correlated with FT4(r=0.531,0.517,0.594,0.562,0.504,0.601,-0.475,-0.519,-0.524,-0.496,-0.575,-0.524,-0.617,0.498,P＜0.001).Elevated MIP-1α levels were an inde-pendent risk factor for autoimmune thyroiditis[OR(95％CI)=2.157(1.208-3.853)],and elevated IL-35 levels were an inde-pendent protective factor for autoimmune thyroiditis[OR(95％CI)=0.617(0.502-0.758)].The serum MIP-1α and IL-35 levels and the area under the curve(AUC)of the combined diagnosis of autoimmune thyroiditis were 0.849,0.862 and 0.950,re-spectively,and the combined diagnosis of autoimmune thyroiditis was better than the diagnosis of serum MIP-1α and IL-35 levels alone(Z/P=3 390/＜0.001,3.039/0.002).Conclusion Serum MIP-1α level in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis is prominently higher than that in the healthy population,while IL-35 level is prominently lower than that in the healthy popu-lation.Changes in their levels can effectively diagnose autoimmune thyroiditis.