Analysis of Meteorological Element Characteristics of Crops Under the Climatic Background of Chamdo in the Past 40 Years

Suolang Duoji; Deji Quzong; Suolang Tajie; Yixi Cuomu; Luosong Sangdeng; Bianqiog

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-3403.2025.02.005

Abstract：In this paper,the data of average temperature,precipitation and sunshine hours from 7 national meteo-rological observation stations in the city of Chamdo from 1980 to 2020 were used for observation.The characteris-tics of climate change trend of staple crops in Chamdo were studied by statistical methods and linear trend analysis,and the characteristics of meteorological factors during the entire growth period of highland barley and winter wheat were analyzed in depth.The results show that:(1)Sunshine conditions:From 1980 to 2020,the sunshine hours of highland barley and winter wheat in the growing seasons in Chamdo decreased slightly,especially in the last decade,whose average sunshine hours were 610.7h and 611.89h,respectively.(2)Heat conditions:The average temperature of highland barley and winter wheat in the growing seasons increased from 1980 to 2020,especially since 2000,the climate warming trend became more obvious,whose average temperature was 11.5℃ and 0.04 ℃,respectively.For highland barley,the temperature maintained above 0℃ during sowing to emergence stage,increased above 3 ℃ f during emergence to jointing stage,maintained above 5℃ duringjointing to headingstage,and maintained above 7℃ during heading to maturity stage,and the most suitable temperature was around 9 ℃.For winter wheat,the aver-age temperature of the coldest month during overwinter period in each county(district)of Chamdo ranged from-6.8 ℃～1.8℃,and the extreme minimum temperature ranged from-26.7 ℃～-8.7℃.The average and extreme mini-mum temperatures of the coldest month were higher in the dry-hot valley of Chamdo such as Chaya,Basu and the middle reaches of Nujiang River,,while temperatures were lower in north and southeast.(3)Moisture conditions:From 1980 to 2020,precipitation in the growing seasons of highland barley and winter wheat showed a"more-less-more-less"pattern,especially since 2010,the trend of less precipitation has become obvious;the average precipita-tion of highland barley and winter wheat in the growing season was 71.7 mm and 8.9 mm,respectively.The average precipitation of highland barley during jointing to booting stage in each county of Chamdo ranged from 21.7～44.6 mm.From late June to mid-July,the crops successively entered the heading tomilk-ripe stage,coninciding with the rainy season in each region,and the average precipitation ranged from 43.4～128.2 mm.For winter wheat,the precip-itation during jointing to booting stage ranged from 4.8～12.2mm,and it ranged from 22.8～44.5mm during heading to milk-ripe stage.The average precipitation during its entire growth period ranged from 19.8～51.8mm,ac-counting for about 8％～19％of the average annual precipitation.Over the past 4 dacades,Chamdo has experi-enced overall higher temperatures,decreased precipitation,and shortened sunshine hours.Climate change has pro-duced an impact on the pattern of staple crops,and changes in meteorological factors has both a direct and indirect impact on crop yields and quality.This paper provides favorable theoretical support and scientific basis for further improving the high-quality agricultural production and meteorological disaster prevention and mitigation services in Chamdo.