Advances in the pathology feature and treatment of cerebral edema after traumatic brain injury
PAN Jing-xi
LI Wen-fu
Jalal Khan
DU Jia-shu
ZHONG Qing-lei
BAO Yun
Abstract：Traumatic brain injury(TBI)is associated with high rates of mortality and morbidity.Early changes include parenchymal damage,intracerebral hemorrhage,axonal injury,and so on,while secondary injuries that develop over time include cerebral edema,inflammation reaction,blood-brain barrier(BBB)disruption,oxidative stress,excitotoxicity,and mitochondrial or metabolic dysfunction.Among these,cerebral edema is the serious complication of TBI and is the primary contributor to poor clinical outcomes.The mechanisms underlying its development and potential treatments are major current research focuses.The treatment includes glucocorticoids,hypertonic saline or diuretic,as well as surgical treatment,but none can effectively alleviate the condition or improve the prognosis.This article reviews the key molecular mechanisms,pathological features and emerging therapies for cerebral edema to enhance clinical understanding of its role in TBI.Such insights are essential for improving both prevention and precision treatment strategies.
Keywords：Brain injuriestraumaticBrain edemaPathologyTraditional Chinese medicine therapyGlymphatic systemAquaporin 4AdiponectinVascular endothelial growth factorsReview
Publication Date：2025-09-25
Online Publishing Date：2025-10-28(First online date of this platform, not the publication date of the document)
Pages：8( 790-797 )