Research progress on the relationship between novel blood inflammatory markers and hemorrhagic transformation after ischemic stroke
HUANG Yun-xiu
WANG Ya-nan
LIU Dong
WU Bo
LIU Jun-feng
Abstract：Hemorrhagic transformation(HT)is one of the severe complications of ischemic stroke,which may occur either during the natural course or as a consequence of treatments such as thrombolysis and thrombectomy.HT is associated with poor prognosis after ischemic stroke and influences clinical treatment decisions.Disruption of blood-brain barrier(BBB)has been demonstrated as the main mechanism underlying HT.Inflammatory responses contribute to this process by activating endothelial cells,recruiting immune cells such as neutrophils and macrophages,and releasing inflammatory mediators including proteases and reactive oxygen species,which further exacerbate vascular injury and BBB permeability,thereby promoting HT.Blood inflammatory markers may reflect these pathological processes and offer valuable biological information for early identification and risk stratification of HT.Classical inflammatory markers,such as matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9)and ferritin,have been demonstrated predictive value for HT.Recently increasing attention has been paid to investigate the mechanism and predictive potential of novel markers,such as neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin(NGAL),high-mobility group box 1(HMGB1)and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3)inflammasome,for predicting HT.This review focuses on the novel blood inflammatory markers and systematically describes their correlation with HT,with the aim of providing a scientific basis for the mechanism investigation,accurate prediction and individualized therapeutic strategies of HT.
Keywords：Ischemic strokeCerebral hemorrhageInflammationBiomarkersBloodReview
Publication Date：2025-05-25
Online Publishing Date：2025-08-15(First online date of this platform, not the publication date of the document)
Pages：8( 367-374 )