The basic theory,methods,and applications of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation

Zhao Qiang; Zhou Yuehui; Dong Hong; Mao Anheng; Wang Longteng; Jiang Mingfei

doi:10.12307/2026.333

Abstract：BACKGROUND:Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation optimizes the neuromodulation mechanism by activating the neuromuscular system,which significantly enhances neuromuscular coordination,increases lower extremity explosive power and flexibility,and improves both athletic performance and rehabilitation efficiency. OBJECTIVE:To review the theoretical foundation,technical methods,and applications of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation in enhancing athletic performance,neurorehabilitation,and elderly health management and to explore the application and development prospects of this technology in clinical practice. METHODS:The search terms were"proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation,proprioceptive neuromuscular training,PNF,neuroplasticity,biomechanics,neurorehabilitation,rehabilitation,stroke,Parkinson's disease"in English and"proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation,neuroplasticity,neurorehabilitation,stroke,Parkinson's disease"in Chinese.Relevant literature was searched in PubMed,Web of Science,CNKI,WanFang,and VIP.Finally,74 articles were included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation is a rehabilitation technique that promotes neuroplasticity and biomechanical and sensory integration through the activation of the neuromuscular system.This technology is categorized into three types:basic,special,and spiral diagonal.The proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation training relies on the mechanism of neuroplasticity and promotes reconstruction of neural networks in the brain and spinal cord,while improving motor control and coordination through biomechanical and sensory integration.Combined therapies,such as combination of this training with joint release and cord training,can improve knee and upper extremity function,enhance neuromuscular regulation,and promote motor function recovery.Individual therapies help improve muscle strength,joint mobility and motor coordination through maximum resistance training and muscle distraction.In neurological disorders and post-operative rehabilitation,proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation improves gait and balance,restores motor control,reduces muscle spasms,and promotes neurological adaptations.