H-type angiogenesis and its role in various skeletal disease animal models

Peng Hao; Jiang Yang; Song Yanping; Wu Quan; Yao Na; Chen Qigang; Shen Zhen

doi:10.12307/2026.658

Abstract：BACKGROUND:H-type blood vessels provide new perspectives and entry points for a deeper understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of vascular-mediated bone metabolism due to their unique functions. OBJECTIVE:To explore the generation mechanisms of H-type blood vessels in various animal models of skeletal diseases and their effects on bone metabolism. METHODS:A systematic search was conducted for H-type blood vessel-related literature in both Chinese and English from January 2014 to February 2025 across databases including CNKI,VIP,WanFang,PubMed,Scopus,and Web of Science.Duplicate and non-qualifying studies were excluded,and a systematic analysis was performed on 141 selected articles addressing H-type blood vessels in different skeletal disease animal models. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:H-type blood vessels exhibit specific generation mechanisms and biological functions across various skeletal disease models.These vessels play a crucial role in intra-bone angiogenesis and are closely associated with bone metabolism,potentially serving as early biomarkers for assessing bone mass levels.The formation and function of H-type blood vessels differ in different animal models of skeletal diseases.In conditions such as osteoporosis,fractures,and osteonecrosis,promoting the expression of H-type blood vessels can significantly enhance vascular remodeling and improve bone regeneration capabilities.Conversely,in malignant skeletal diseases such as osteoarthritis and bone tumors,selectively inhibiting the expression of H-type blood vessels emerges as a potential therapeutic intervention strategy.Furthermore,several key signaling pathways,including hypoxia-inducible factor 1α/vascular endothelial growth factor,platelet-derived growth factor BB,and Wnt/β-catenin,have been identified as playing important roles in the generation of H-type blood vessels.This provides new scientific insights into understanding the vessel-mediated regulatory mechanisms of bone metabolism and establishes an important theoretical foundation for the clinical application value of H-type blood vessels as potential therapeutic targets.By analyzing the role of H-type blood vessels in various animal models of skeletal diseases,this study offers critical evidence for further exploration of the mechanisms and therapeutic targets of human musculoskeletal diseases.