Biomechanical finite element analysis of lumbar degeneration based on radiological imaging

Gao Sheng; Xin Shimin; Liu Xingquan; Kang Liqing; Ren Baolin; Wang Haiyan

doi:10.12307/2026.151

Abstract：BACKGROUND:Lumbar degeneration can cause lower back pain.Understanding the underlying mechanical mechanisms of pain caused by lumbar degeneration is crucial. OBJECTIVE:To analyze the biomechanical differences between normal and degenerated lumbar vertebrae,providing a basis for further exploring the lumbar degeneration mechanisms and their implications. METHODS:Three-dimensional reconstruction was performed based on lumbar CT images of healthy and lumbar degenerative male subjects,and a L1-S1 finite element model was established.Finite element analysis was performed on the biomechanical properties of normal and degenerated lumbar spines.By loading physiological conditions,the differences in the six ranges of motion of flexion,extension,left and right lateral flexion,and left and right rotation were analyzed in particular.The finite element model with osteophytes on the anterior edge of the vertebral body was evaluated in different motion modes for the lumbar spine as a whole,the range of motion of each segment,and the stress distribution of the vertebrae,annulus fibrosus,nucleus pulposus,and facet joints. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The degenerated lumbar spine exhibited a decrease in overall and segmental range of motion to varying degrees,with significant movement limitations particularly noted in extension and lateral bending.(2)Degeneration altered the mechanical environment,resulting in increased stress on the vertebrae,intervertebral discs,and facet joints of adjacent segments.(3)Lumbar degeneration leads to reduced range of motion,especially affecting extension and lateral bending.(4)The L4 segment experiences higher stress post-degeneration,which may be a critical factor in lower back pain.(5)The redistribution of mechanical load in the degenerated lumbar spine significantly impacts adjacent segments.