Analysis of strategies to improve efficiency of in vitro culture of mesenchymal stem cells

Yang Yuxi; Xu Dan; Liu Zhongshan

doi:10.12307/2026.339

Abstract：BACKGROUND:The function of mesenchymal stem cells gradually declines as the number of passages increases in the process of in vitro culture,resulting in its limited efficacy in practical clinical application.Nowadays,with the emergence of advanced biotechnology and the substantial improvement of bioengineering materials,a variety of improved strategies have been developed,but there is still no standardized stem cell production standard. OBJECTIVE:To summarize the problems that arise during the in vitro culture of mesenchymal stem cells and briefly describe the optimization plan for their in vitro culture. METHODS:Using"mesenchymal stem cells,in vitro culture,cell culture,culture conditions,pretreatment,cell senescence"as the Chinese search terms and"mesenchymal stem cells,cell culture,in vitro,culture conditions,preconditioning,cell senescence"as the English search terms,literature published before January 2025 in CNKI and PubMed databases was searched to exclude articles with poor relevance to the topic,long history,and duplication.Finally,98 articles were included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)This paper summarizes the problems of mesenchymal stem cells in vitro culture,such as cell morphology changes,proliferation and differentiation ability decline,migration and homing ability decline,cell metabolism disorders,and secretion aging related phenotypes.(2)The possible mechanisms of in vitro passage senescence of mesenchymal stem cells,such as genetic material damage,loss of protein homeostasis,intracellular signaling pathways,and changes in the expression of transcription factors,were summarized.(3)Strategies to improve the culture efficiency of mesenchymal stem cells in vitro were summarized,such as genetic engineering to modify stem cells,pharmacological methods to intervene in cell proliferation and differentiation,optimization of stem cell culture environment in vitro,hypoxic preconditioning,and regulation of cytokines.The above research provides a theoretical basis for improving the clinical efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells.