Application and progress of dental pulp stem cells and their derivatives in dental pulp regeneration

Xu Haichao; Luo Lihua; Pan Yihuai

doi:10.12307/2025.572

Abstract：BACKGROUND:Dental pulp stem cells,which derived from the dental pulp tissue,are one type of dental-derived mesenchymal stem cells,possess significant properties of self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation.In recent years,series of researches focus on dental pulp stem cells and their derivatives such as extracellular vesicles,conditioned medium,and decellularized extracellular matrix,those have positive effects on the repair and regeneration of pulp tissue injury,showing an attractive clinical application. OBJECTIVE:To systematically review the researches and applications of dental pulp stem cells and their derivatives in dental pulp tissue engineering. METHODS:Literature searches were conducted in PubMed,China Biology Medicine(CBM),and China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)databases for articles published from January 2005 to June 2023.The search terms included"dental pulp stem cells,extracellular vesicles,exosomes,apoptotic bodies,conditioned medium,decellularized matrix,regeneration"in Chinese and English.After screening the titles and abstracts,duplicate and irrelevant studies were excluded.Finally,103 studies closely related to dental pulp regeneration were included for review and analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Dental pulp stem cells and their derivatives are rich in lots of bioactive factors that can effectively promote odontogenic,angiogenic,and neurogenic differentiation,exhibiting significant potential in the formation of the pulp-dentin complex.However,the clinical translation of dental pulp stem cells and their derivatives still faces several challenges.Future researches should focus on optimizing preparation protocols,elucidating the underlying mechanisms of action,and refining safety assessments to provide novel therapeutic strategies for the repair of dental pulp injury.