Application of Janus micro/nanoparticles in biomedicine

Chen Senlin; Zhu Zhou; Wan Qianbing

doi:10.12307/2025.476

Abstract：BACKGROUND:Janus micro/nanoparticles are widely used in the field of tissue engineering,drug delivery,cancer therapy,bioimaging,and sensing due to their shape,structure,and functional anisotropy. OBJECTIVE:To elucidate the cutting-edge applications of Janus micro/nanoparticles in biomedicine. METHODS:Relevant literature published between 2010 and 2024 was retrieved from CNKI,WanFang Data,PubMed,and Web of Science databases.Searches were conducted using Chinese search terms"Janus nanoparticle,Janus particle,dual-faced particle,drug delivery,cancer therapy,bioimaging,biosensing,tissue engineering"and English search terms"Janus nanoparticle,Janus particle,drug delivery,cancer therapy,biosensing,bioimaging,tissue engineering."A total of 69 articles were selected for review after screening,organizing,summarizing,and synthesizing. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Janus micro/nanoparticles can be classified into three major categories based on their basic material properties:organic,inorganic,and organic-inorganic composites.Synthetic strategies consist of shielding,self-assembly,phase separation,microfluidics,and nucleation and growth techniques.Janus micro/nanoparticles exhibit high-efficiency drug delivery through characteristics such as high drug loading,gated release,and autonomous motion.In addition to enhancing traditional cancer treatment modalities(radiation and chemotherapy),Janus micro/nanoparticles can also be applied to emerging cancer treatment methods such as cell immunotherapy,protein drugs,and ferroptosis.Janus micro/nanoparticles serve as contrast agents to enhance bioimaging modalities(CT,MRI,and ultrasound)for high-quality imaging,guiding diagnosis and treatment.Janus micro/nanoparticles are utilized in tissue engineering for delivering growth factors,enhancing mechanical properties of biomaterials,and exhibiting antibacterial effects.Researchers have successfully tailored Janus micro/nanoparticles with desired functionalities by combining different organic polymers and inorganic materials using various synthetic strategies,enabling applications in complex biomedical fields.Despite current advancements,reports on the application of Janus micro/nanoparticles in tissue regeneration,large-scale production,and human clinical trials are relatively limited.Therefore,further research efforts are needed in the development,synthetic strategies,clinical safety assessment,and translation of such materials.