Analysis of Changes in CT Pulmonary Vascular Parameters in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Their Relationship with Pulmonary Function and Disease Severity

GUO Chuanliang; ZHENG Rongfang

doi:10.16458/j.cnki.1007-0893.2025.14.007

Abstract：Objective To explore the changes in computed tomography(CT)pulmonary vascular parameters in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)and analyze the relationship between CT pulmonary vascular parameters and pulmonary function and disease severity in COPD patients.Methods A total of 167 COPD patients admitted to Datian County General Hospital from March 2023 to March 2025 were selected as a COPD group,and 171 healthy individuals undergoing physical examinations during the same period were selected as a healthy group.The CT pulmonary vascular parameters[total cross-sectional area of small pulmonary vessels(％CSA<5),pulmonary artery/aortic diameter ratio(PA/A)]and pulmonary function indicators[forced vital capacity(FVC),forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV1),FEV1/FVC]of the COPD group and the healthy group were compared.Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between changes in CT pulmonary vascular parameters and pulmonary function.According to the global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease(GOLD)classification,patients were divided into the mild-to-moderate group(grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ,136 cases)and the severe group(grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ,31 cases).Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression models were used to analyze the risk factors for disease exacerbation in COPD patients.Results The levels of％CSA<5,FVC,FEV1,and FEV1/FVC in the COPD group were less than those in the healthy group,and the PA/A level was higher than that in the healthy group,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).Correlation analysis showed that％CSA<5 in COPD patients was positively correlated with FVC(r=0.521),FEV1(r=0.553),and FEV1/FVC(r=0.479)(P<0.05),while PA/A was negatively correlated with FVC(r=-0.598),FEV1(r=-0.560),and FEV1/FVC(r=-0.435)(P<0.05).The disease duration of the severe group was longer than that of the mild-to-moderate group,％CSA<5 was less,PA/A was greater,and the proportion of patients with FEV1/FVC<70％was higher,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that the risk factors for disease exacerbation in COPD patients were FEV1/FVC<70％(OR=2.557),low％CSA<5(OR=2.620),and greater PA/A(OR=2.965)(P<0.05).Conclusion CT pulmonary vascular parameters in COPD patients are closely related to pulmonary function,and COPD patients with FEV1/FVC<70％,low％CSA<5,and high PA/A have a higher risk of disease exacerbation.