Analysis of the Etiology of Microcytic Hypochromic Anemia in Preschool Children in Pingshan District,Shenzhen City

YANG Mingyu; YANG Juan

doi:10.16458/j.cnki.1007-0893.2025.10.007

Abstract：Objective To explore the etiology of microcytic hypochromic anemia in preschool children in Pingshan District,Shenzhen City.Methods A total of 585 children with microcytic hypochromic anemia who underwent physical examinations at Shenzhen Pingshan Maternal and Child Health Hospital from August 2023 to November 2024 were randomly selected as the research subjects.The detection of anemia in the children was statistically analyzed,and the detection rates of anemia in different age groups and the detection of thalassemia(Thal)genes were compared.Results Among the 585 children,364 cases were detected with Thal,123 cases with iron deficiency anemia(IDA),and 44 cases with Thal combined with IDA.The detection rate of Thal was the highest at 62.22%.The detection rate of IDA in the 6-month to 2-year-old group was higher than that in the 2 to 6-year-old group,and the detection rates of thal and unknow etiology were.Lower than those in the 2 to 6-year-old group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Among 195 children with simple microcytic hypochromic anemia,98 cases were detected with Thal genes,with a detection rate of 50.26%.Among 217 children with α-Thal,29 cases combined with IDA,the most frequently detected genotype was--SEA/αα,with a detection rate of 81.57%.Among 130 children with β-Thal,13 cases combined with IDA,the most frequently detected genotype was βCD41-42/βN,with a detection rate of 49.23%.Conclusion Thal is the main cause of microcytic hypochromic anemia in preschool children in Pingshan District,Shenzhen City.A high detection rate of thalassemia was observed in both the simple microcytic hypochromic anemia and iron deficiency anemia populations.Therefore,great attention should be paid to the screening of Thal in the etiological investigation.