Research progress on immune cells and related cytokines mediated imbalance of bone homeostasis and its roles in bone-related diseases
LIU Yang
CHENG Changbo
LU Hongduo
CHEN Benlu
CHEN Zhiwen
CHEN Zhenqiu
FAN Yinuo
Abstract：The equilibrium of bone homeostasis is crucial for sustaining skeletal health,which depends on the precise regulation between bone formation mediated by osteoblasts and bone resorption mediated by osteoclasts.In recent years,with the progress of osteoimmunology research,more and more attention has been devoted to the role of immune cell-derived factors in bone homeostasis.A growing amount of evidence demonstrates that cytokines such as interleukins(ILs),tumor necrosis factors(TNFs),and interferons(IFNs)not only take part in immune responses but also directly or indirectly regulate bone remodeling by affecting osteoblast differentiation,osteoclasto-genesis,and osteoclast activity.However,systematic summaries that address the relationship between immune cell-derived cytokines and bone homeostasis are still relatively scarce.This is especially true when it comes to the mechanisms of action,signaling pathways,and pathological roles of different cytokines in bone-related diseases such as osteoporosis,rheumatoid arthritis,and osteoarthritis.This review intends to comprehensively investigate the effects of immune cell-derived cytokines,including interleukins,tumor necrosis factors,and interferons,on bone homeostasis,with an emphasis on their regulatory mechanisms in osteoblast and osteoclast function.Moreover,it will incorporate the latest research progress to analyze the participation of these cytokines in the onset and progression of bone homeostasis-related diseases,thus offering a theoretical foundation and potential therapeutic targets for the prevention and treatment of bone metabolic disorders.
Keywords：immune cells and related cytokinesbone homeostasisosteoblastsosteoclastsos-teoimmunology
Publication Date：2026-01-25
Online Publishing Date：2026-01-28(First online date of this platform, not the publication date of the document)
Pages：9( 276-284 )