Correlation and predictive value of serum interleukin-36 and sphingosine-1-phosphate levels with severity of adult atopic dermatitis

ZHU Yidi; LIU Qingna; WEI Zhiping

doi:10.11786/sypfbxzz.1674-1293.20250406

Abstract：Objective To investigate the correlation between serum interleukin-36(IL-36)and sphingosine-1-phosphate(S1P)levels and the severity of adult atopic dermatitis(AD),as well as their predictive value for AD severity.Methods A total of 117 AD patients(disease group)treated in the Department of Dermatology,Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University,from March to September 2024,and 100 age-and gender-matched healthy volunteers(healthy group)were enrolled.Serum IL-36 and S1P levels were compared between the disease and healthy groups,as well as between mild AD patients and moderate/severe AD patients.Point-biserial correlation analysis was used to assess the correlation between serum IL-36/S1P levels and AD severity,and receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis was performed to evaluate the predictive value of IL-36 and S1P for AD severity.Results Serum IL-36 and S1P levels were significantly higher in the disease group than in the healthy group(P<0.05).The mild AD group had lower serum IL-36 and S1P levels than the moderate and severe AD groups(P<0.05),while no significant differences were found between the moderate and severe groups(P>0.05).Serum IL-36 and S1P levels showed significant positive correlations with moderate/severe AD(r=0.532,r=0.309,both P<0.05).ROC curve analysis revealed that the areas under the curve(AUC)for serum IL-36,S1P,and their combination in predicting AD severity were 0.815,0.694,and 0.882,respectively.The combined prediction showed better performance than single markers,with a sensitivity of 0.847 and specificity of 0.822.Conclusion Serum IL-36 and S1P levels are elevated in adult AD patients,particularly in moderate/severe cases.The combined detection of IL-36 and S1P demonstrates favorable predictive value for moderate/severe AD.