Study on the correlation between serum levels of IFN-γ,IL-9,sIL-2R and disease severity in patients with atopic dermatitis

DENG Hongyu; JIA Ling

doi:10.11786/sypfbxzz.1674-1293.20250208

Abstract：Objective To observe the serum levels of interferon(IFN)-γ,interleukin(IL)-9,and soluble interleukin-2 receptor(sIL-2R)in patients with atopic dermatitis(AD),assess their association with disease severity,explore their roles in the pathogenesis of AD,and evaluate their clinical significance.Methods The clinical data of 101 AD patients(AD group)admitted to the First People's Hospital of Shuangliu District,Chengdu from July 2021 to June 2023 were collected.Additionally,83 healthy individuals who underwent physical examinations at the same hospital during the same period were selected as the control group.The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to detect the serum levels IFN-γ,IL-9,and sIL-2R in the subjects of both groups.The expression levels of serum IFN-γ,IL-9,and sIL-2R in different populations were compared.Spearman's rank correlation analysis was performed to explore the correlations between these factors and the severity of AD.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were plotted to evaluate the efficacy of IFN-γ,IL-9,and sIL-2R in assessing the severity of AD.Results The serum level of IFN-γ in the AD group was lower than that in the control group,while the serum levels of IL-9 and sIL-2R were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).According to the Severity Scoring of Atopic Dermatitis(SCORAD)index,among the AD patients,33 AD patients were classified as having mild disease,35 as moderate,and 33 as severe.When comparing the serum levels of IFN-γ among AD patients with different disease severities:the mild group>the moderate group>the severe group;for the serum levels of IL-9 and sIL-2R:the mild group<the moderate group<the severe group(P<0.05).The serum level of IFN-γ was negatively correlated with the SCORAD score(r=-0.413,P<0.05),while both the serum levels of IL-9 and sIL-2R were positively correlated with the SCORAD score(r=0.398 and 0.457 respectively,P<0.05).The results of ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve(AUC)value of IFN-γ for assessing the severity of AD was 0.636(95%CI:0.555-0.717),the AUC value of IL-9 was 0.619(95%CI:0.536-0.701),and the AUC value of sIL-2R was 0.708(95%CI:0.633-0.783).The AUC value of the combination of the three factors(IFN-γ+IL-9+sIL-2R)for assessing the severity of AD was 0.802(95%CI:0.671-0.813),which was higher than that of each individual index...Conclusion The serum levels of of IFN-γ,IL-9 and slL-2R in AD patients are abnormal,and changes accordingly with the increase of the severity of AD.The three factors can be used as one of the effective reference indicators to evaluate the disease severity of AD patients.