Research on gender dimorphism in lip morphology aesthetics in the Chinese population and its implications for plastic surgery strategies
JIANG Hanyi
YIN Ningbei
Abstract：Lip morphology aesthetics is an essential component of overall facial aesthetics and exhibits marked sexual dimorphism.Understanding gender-related differences in lip morphology is crucial for developing refined plastic surgery strategies.Using the keywords"Chinese population"and"lip morphology",a systematic search was conducted in CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,PubMed,and Science Direct databases.Studies were screened according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria,and 21 articles were ultimately included.Based on the internationally recognized nomenclature system,surface landmarks of the lips were summarized and the definitions of morphological parameters standardized.The parameters were innovatively categorized into four indicator groups-lip width,lip height,lip convexity,and lip three-dimensionality-for comparative analysis by gender.The results revealed notable differences between Chinese men and women in multiple morphological indicators,particularly in upper and lower white lip height,lip convexity,and lip three-dimensionality.These dif-ferences are closely associated with skeletal structure,soft tissue distribution,and cultural aesthetic preferences.This study is the first to integrate objective morphometric measurements with sociocultural aesthetic analysis,providing evidence-based guidance for the expression of lip sexual characteristics and gender-specific contouring in the Chinese population,and offering important clinical insights for advancing gender-oriented and individualized lip surgery strategies.
Keywords：Lip morphology aestheticsChinese populationSexual dimorphismPlastic surgery strategies
Publication Date：2025-12-15
Online Publishing Date：2026-01-19(First online date of this platform, not the publication date of the document)
Pages：5( 745-748,758 )