Analysis of dynamic contact characteristics of bearing ball-raceway under full working states
SUN Feng
HU Yuzhuo
ZHAO Chuan
YANG Wenhua
LI Bo
BAI Zhanwei
Abstract：[Objective]As the requirements for operational precision and stability of rotating mechanical structures continue to increase,the dynamic performance of service bearings within the structures faces increasingly strict requirements.For enhancing the operational performance of rotating mechanical structures,it is crucial to reveal the change rules of dynamic contact characteristics of bearings under complex loading conditions.[Methods]Based on the classic Jones-Harris model and raceway control theory,a five-degree-of-freedom(5-DOF)dynamic contact characteristic analysis model was established by geometric and force analyses of components.The model systematically considered the effects of centrifugal force and gyroscopic moment and incorporated them into the analysis of bearing ball-raceway contact and separation states to comprehensively describe the dynamic contact characteristics of ball bearings under axial,radial,and moment loads and rotional speeds.In addition,a Newton-Raphson iterative algorithm combining inner and outer loops was established to solve local and global equations.The model was simplified according to the internal geometric and force relationships of bearings to solve variables so that its computational complexity could be effectively reduced.With the NSK 7013C bearing as an example,the change rules of dynamic contact characteristics of the bearing under specific load conditions were analyzed.[Results]Under a small axial load and a certain rotional speed,incomplete contact state occurs between the balls and raceways inside the bearing,with the incomplete contact region positively correlated with the rotional speed.Moreover,increasing the axial load appropriately reduces the variation in contact load amplitudes on the inner and outer races and eliminates the incomplete contact state.Only increasing the radial load leads to incomplete contact inside the bearing,but the incomplete contact region stops growing once the radial load reaches a certain level.Under the same load conditions,the contact angles and contact loads on the inner and outer races of the bearing vary with the change of azimuthal angle of the rolling elements.Radial and moment loads in different directions cause fluctuations in contact angles and loads,with their effects overlapping.[Conclusions]Axial loads can improve the load distribution within the bearing and suppress individual bearing ball separation.Axial,radial,and moment loads and rotational speed have varying degrees of impact on the dynamic contact characteristics of the bearing,with the moment load having the less influence.The innovation of this study lies in systematically considering the effects of external loads and the full working states of bearing ball-raceway contact and separation.It analyzes the change rules of dynamic contact characteristics under complex load conditions,providing new theoretical support for bearing selection,forward design,and operational performance improvement of rotating machinery.
Keywords：angular contact ball bearingdynamic characteristiccontact stateseparation statecontact anglecontact loadcombined loadfive-degree-of-freedom model
Publication Date：2026-01-25
Online Publishing Date：2026-03-17(First online date of this platform, not the publication date of the document)
Pages：11( 99-109 )