Analysis of high risk factors and related nursing measures of anal fistula after incision and drainage in patients with perianal abscess

XIE Jin

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-8631.2025.11.014

Abstract：Objective:To investigate the high risk factors of complicated anal fistula after incision and drainage in patients with perianal abscess.Methods:The clinical data of 102 patients with perianal abscess from December 2020 to December 2023 were analyzed retrospectively.They were divided into two groups based on whether complicated anal fistula.The basic data of age,sex,body mass index,course of disease,perianal abscess range,surgical incision,compli-cated diabetes,complicated hypertension,incision and drainage operation time,perianal abscess depth,complicated smoking history,preoperative use of antibiotics,complicated constipation were collected.Univariate analysis was per-formed first,and then Logistic regression analysis was performed to obtain the high-risk factors affecting postopera-tive anal fistula in patients with perianal abscess.Results:Among 102 patients,38 cases were complicated with anal fis-tula after operation,the incidence rate was 37.25％.Univariate analysis showed that the range of perianal abscess,sur-gical incision,complicated diabetes,incision and drainage operation time,perianal abscess depth of perianal abscess and complicated constipation were the influencing factors of postoperative anal fistula in patients with perianal abscess(P＜0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that two or more quadrants of perianal abscess,multiple surgical incisions,diabetes mellitus,incision and drainage time ≥15 min,deep perianal abscess and constipation were the high risk factors for post-operative anal fistula in patients with perianal abscess(P＜0.05 and OR＞1).Conclusion:The patients with perianal abscess are closely associated with 2 or more quadrants of perianal abscess,multiple surgical incisions,combined diabe-tes,incision and drainage operation time of 15 min,deep perianal abscess and constipation.It is also necessary to do tar-geted intervention to reduce the occurrence of anal fistula and reduce the pain of patients.