Development and reliability and validity test of the diabetic retinopathy risk perception questionnaire for patients with diabetes mellitus

XIA Lanting; QIAN Xiangyun; GENG Guiling; GAO Huiying; GE Chunxing

doi:10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.04.012

Abstract：Objective:To develop the diabetic retinopathy risk perception questionnaire for patients with diabetes mellitus,and to test its reliability and validity,in order to provide an effective tool for assessing the perception of retinopathy risk.Methods:Based on the protection motivation theory as the theoretical framework,a questionnaire was developed through literature analysis,expert consultation,and pre-survey.Using cluster random sampling method,a total of 402 diabetic patients from 3 community health centers were selected for the investigation to test the reliability and validity of the questionnaire.Results:The response rates of the two rounds of expert questionnaire inquiries were 90.48%and 100.00%.The expert authority coefficient was 0.93.The total Cronbach's α coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.865.The Cronbach's α coefficients of all dimensions were 0.844,0.892,0.828,0.831,0.845,0.901,and 0.823.The scale-level content validity index(S-CVI)was 0.968.The item-level content validity index(I-CVI)ranged from 0.86 to 1.00.Exploratory factor analysis extracted 7 common factors.The cumulative variance contribution rate was 68.589%.Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model fit was good overall.The diabetic retinopathy risk perception questionnaire for patients with diabetes mellitus was compiled,including 7 dimensions of severity,susceptibility,internal reward,external reward,self-efficacy,response efficacy and response cost,with a total of 30 items.Conclusions:The diabetic retinopathy risk perception questionnaire for patients with diabetes mellitus has good reliability and validity.It could be used to evaluate the level of risk perception of diabetic retinopathy in patients.