Metabolomics analysis of differential metabolites between wild gallnuts and cultivated gallnuts

LI Zhihui; ZHANG Fulin; GUAN Lifei; XIONG Wei; LI Renjun

doi:10.13557/j.cnki.issn1002-2813.2025.07.015

Abstract：The aim of this study was to elucidate the distribution of main characteristic metabolites in four kinds of gallnut(wild-type horned gallnut,belly gallnut and cultivated horned gallnut,belly gallnut)based on metabolomics.After the test was detected by LC-MS/MS system,the online METLIN database in Progenesis QI software,public database and Baimaik self-built database were used for identification,and the differential metabolites of different gallnut were analyzed.The results showed that a total of 6 347 metabolites were annotated in the experiment.The total chemical components of wild-type horned gallnut and belly gallnut were similar,the tannin and phenolic compositions of wild-type horned gallnut and cultivated horned gallnut showed high similarity,as do those of wild-type belly gallnut and cultivated belly gallnut.The tannins in gallnut are gallic acid mixtures,including gallic acid,hydrated gallic acid,tannic acid,trimeric gallic acid and gallic acid-4-O-glucoside.The most abundant phenols in the four gallnuts were resorcinol,pyrogallol,3,4-dihydroxymandelate,2,4-dinitrophenol,and lactucin.The different phenolic metabolites in wild-type horned gallnut,belly gallnut and cultivated horned gallnut included limonone,2,3-dihydroxytoluene,3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid,tyrosol and 4-n-nonylphenol.There were significant differences in coniferaldehyde and 5-hydroxyconiferol between cultivated belly gallnut and wild-type belly gallnut.The study indicates that the experiment can provide reference for the application of gallnut in medicine,animal disease treatment,feed industry development and so on.