Distribution and epidemiological characteristics of pathogens in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of children with community-acquired pneumonia in a grade-A tertiary hospital in 2024
LI Tengteng
KONG Yanran
XIN Xianfang
LI Hui
YANG Peng
Abstract：Objective To analyze the distribution and epidemic characteristics of pathogens in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of children with community-acquired pneumonia in a grade-A tertiary hospital in 2024,and to provide guid-ance for the precise treatment of pediatric pneumonia.Methods A total of 322 children with community-acquired pneu-monia admitted in 2024 were selected for the study.The children were divided into three groups based on age:the infant group of 12 cases(3 months to<3 years),the preschool group of 155 cases(3 to<7 years),and the school-age group of 155 cases(7 to<18 years).All children underwent fiberoptic bronchoscopy lavage,and samples of bronchoalveolar la-vage fluid were collected for targeted next-generation sequencing to detect pathogens.The distribution of pathogens was sta-tistically analyzed,and the epidemiological characteristics of the pathogens were also investigated.Results The detec-tion rate of pathogens in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of all the patients was 100%.The top six pathogens detected in the 2024 year were Mycoplasma pneumoniae,Rhinovirus,Haemophilus influenzae,Streptococcus pneumoniae,Staphylo-coccus aureus,and Adenovirus.The annual detection rate of Mycoplasma pneumoniae was higher than that of other patho-gens,and the proportion of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection was higher than that of non-Mycoplasma pneumoniae infec-tion.Among non-Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections,multiple mixed infections were predominant,and no simple bacteri-al infection was detected.The detection rate of Mycoplasma pneumoniae was higher in female patients than in male pa-tients,and there was no statistically significant difference in the detection rates of bacteria,viruses,and fungi among pa-tients of different genders.The detection rate of Mycoplasma pneumoniae was the highest in the school-age group,the low-est in the infant group,and there was no statistically significant difference in the detection rates of bacteria,viruses,or fungi among different age groups.The detection rate of Mycoplasma pneumoniae was the highest in the third quarter,and the detection rate of viruses was the highest in the first quarter,and there was no statistically significant difference in the detection rates of bacteria and fungi among different quarters.Conclusions In the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples of children with community-acquired pneumonia in a grade-A tertiary hospital in 2024,the detection rate of Mycoplasma pneumoniae was the highest,followed by Rhinovirus,Haemophilus influenzae,etc.;non-Mycoplasma pneumoniae infec-tions were mainly multiple mixed infections.Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection was closely related to gender,age,and season,with relatively higher infection rates observed among girls,school-age children,and during the autumn and winter seasons.
Keywords：pediatric community-acquired pneumoniabronchoalveolar lavage fluidmycoplasma pneumoniaerhinovirustargeted next-generation sequencing
Publication Date：2025-09-25
Online Publishing Date：2025-10-22(First online date of this platform, not the publication date of the document)
Pages：5( 61-65 )