Clinical characteristics and antimicrobial resistance analysis of Haemophilus influenzae infection in children with lower respiratory tract infection in a tertiary hospital in Guangzhou from 2023 to 2024
ZHANG Qing
LONG Yueming
LIANG Qiongjuan
ZHANG Shuo
Abstract：Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and antimicrobial resistance of Haemophilus influen-zae(Hi)infection in children with lower respiratory tract infection(LRTI)at a tertiary hospital in Guangzhou from 2023 to 2024.Methods We enrolled 2,849 children with LRTI from a tertiary hospital in Guangzhou between 2023 and 2024.We collected sputum specimens from the patients and calculated the overall detection rate of Hi,as well as its detection rates stratified by sex,age,year of onset,and season.Additionally,we performed antimicrobial susceptibility testing us-ing the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method to analyze Hi resistance to the following antibiotics:ampicillin(AMP),cefurox-ime(CXM),ceftriaxone(CRO),imipenem(IPM),ciprofloxacin(CIP),levofloxacin(LEV),and trimethoprim-sulfa-methoxazole(SXT).Results We identified 653 cases of Hi infection among 2,849 children with LRTI,yielding an overall detection rate of 22.9%.The Hi-infected cohort comprised 366 males(56.0%)and 287 females(44.0%),with no statistically significant gender difference(P>0.05).Age distribution analysis revealed 181 infants(27.7%),204 tod-dlers(31.2%),199 preschool-aged children(30.5%),and 69 school-aged children(10.6%);all intergroup compari-sons showed significant disparities(all P<0.05).Temporal trends demonstrated a marked increase in cases from 2023(116 cases,17.8%)to 2024(537 cases,82.2%;P<0.05).In 2023,we observed no case in the first quarter(Q1),followed by 27(23.3%)in Q2,45(38.8%)in Q3,and 44(37.9%)in Q4,with Q4 exhibiting significantly higher in-cidence than other quarters(all P<0.05).The 2024 distribution showed 288 cases(53.6%)in Q1,181(33.8%)in Q2,41(7.6%)in Q3,and 27(5.0%)in Q4,and the prevalence in Q1 significantly surpassed those in other quarters(all P<0.05).Among the children infected with Hi,82 cases(12.6%)were sensitive to AMP,47 cases(7.2%)were intermediate,and 524 cases(80.2%)were resistant;168 cases(25.7%)were sensitive to CXM,68 cases(10.4%)were intermediate,and 417 cases(63.9%)were resistant;594 cases(91.0%)were sensitive to CRO,59 cases(9.0%)were intermediate,and 0 case was resistant;522 cases(79.9%)were sensitive to IPM,131 cases(20.1%)were intermediate,and 0 case was resistant;632 cases(96.8%)were sensitive to CIP,21 cases(3.2%)were interme-diate,and 0 case was resistant;650 cases(99.5%)were sensitive to LEV,3 cases(0.5%)were intermediate,and 0 case was resistant;266 cases(40.7%)were sensitive to SXT,73 cases(11.2%)were intermediate,and 314 cases(48.1%)were resistant.Conclusions Our study of 2,849 pediatric LRTI cases in a tertiary hospital in Guangzhou from 2023 to 2024 reveals that Hi detection rates show no gender differences.Infants,toddlers,and preschool-aged children ex-hibit higher Hi detection rates,while school-aged children have lower rates.The detection rate is higher in 2024 than in 2023,with seasonal peaks in the fourth quarter of 2023 and the first quarter of 2024.Additionally,the Hi isolates demon-strate resistance to AMP,CXM,and SXT.
Keywords：lower respiratory tract infectionHaemophilus influenzaeclinical characteristicsresistance
Publication Date：2025-07-25
Online Publishing Date：2025-08-15(First online date of this platform, not the publication date of the document)
Pages：4( 98-101 )